Who will farm tomorrow? The household contract management system needs to be further developed.

"opinions on guiding the orderly transfer of rural land management rights to develop appropriate scale operation of agriculture" is put forward to speed up the cultivation of a new type of agricultural management main body. Cultivating a new type of agricultural management subject is of great significance to speed up the transformation of agricultural production mode and solve the problem of "who will farm land" in the future. In this regard, a reporter from the Economic Daily recently interviewed Zhang Xiaoshan, a member of the Department of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

The household contract management system needs to be further stabilized and improved.

The household contract management system establishes farmers as the main body of agricultural management, gives farmers long-term and guaranteed land use rights and management autonomy, and greatly arouses the production enthusiasm of hundreds of millions of farmers. Zhang Xiaoshan believes that the family has always been the foundation and main body of agricultural production, which has been proved by the practice of agricultural development at home and abroad. From a practical point of view, family management plus social services can adapt to different levels of agricultural productivity, adapt not only to traditional agriculture, but also to modern agriculture, with extensive adaptability and exuberant vitality.

Under the situation of simultaneous development of industrialization, urbanization, informatization and agricultural modernization, household contract management is also facing new challenges. According to the data of the second national agricultural census, the average agricultural production and operation household can only manage 9.1mu of arable land, and each agricultural employee can only manage 5.2mu of arable land. After deducting the material cost, the annual net income of each mu of cultivated land is calculated as 500yuan. The annual net income of an agricultural employee is only 2500 yuan. "small-scale operations cannot achieve the goal of increasing agricultural efficiency and increasing farmers' income, nor can they make farmers a decent and respectable profession. Family management is not equal to small-scale operation. " Zhang Xiaoshan said: in order to raise China's agricultural production to a new level, we must, on the basis of stabilizing household contract management, appropriately expand the scale of operation and vigorously cultivate new types of agricultural operators.

Cultivate a new type of agricultural management main body on the basis of family management

At present, the new agricultural management main body in our country presents a diversified and mixed development pattern. Professional large households, family farms, farmers' professional cooperatives and agricultural leading enterprises are all organic components of the new agricultural management main body. All kinds of new agricultural operators are basically developed on the basis of family management, and are inextricably linked with farmers.

"nearly 270 million of China's rural labor force has been transferred to non-agricultural areas, and the main means of production they rely on for survival is no longer land. Some farming experts will transfer the contracted land management rights of those rural people who leave the land and leave agriculture, expand the scale of operation, and create an upgraded version of family management. " Zhang Xiaoshan said: at present, with family members as the main labor force and agriculture as the main source of income, family farms engaged in specialized and intensive agricultural production are on the rise. there are already 870000 family farms in the country, with an average size of 200mu.

Under the promotion of land circulation, a number of farmers' land joint-stock cooperatives have been set up. Farmers' land joint-stock cooperatives quantify farmers' contracted land into shares, farmers set up cooperatives with contracted land, develop agricultural scale operation through self-management or entrusted operation, and the income from operation is distributed according to shares. Zhang Xiaoshan believes that this form of organization makes the cooperative itself become an agricultural enterprise with a certain scale engaged in agricultural production, and makes farmers become the owners of the enterprise, which not only realizes the large-scale operation of agriculture, but also avoids the possible negative impact of large-scale leasing of land contracted by farmers by industrial and commercial capital.

In recent years, on the basis of household contract management in rural areas, producers and operators of similar agricultural products or providers and users of similar agricultural production and operation services have voluntarily joined together to establish various types of farmers' professional cooperatives. Zhang Xiaoshan believes that farmers' cooperatives are becoming a modern agricultural management organization that leads farmers to participate in domestic and foreign market competition and drives farmers to enter the market. Farmers' professional cooperatives, together with rural community collective economic organizations, various agricultural social service organizations and agricultural leading enterprises, constitute a diversified and multi-level management and service system of agricultural production.

Industrial and Commercial Capital can not replace Peasants to develop Modern Agriculture

Zhang Xiaoshan said: in the process of China's transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, on the basis of household contract management, the entry of industrial and commercial capital into the fields of pre-production, production, and post-natal circulation and processing has always been encouraged and advocated.

When industrial and commercial capital enters agriculture, we should first deal with the interest relationship with the broad masses of farmers. Zhang Xiaoshan believes that in order to develop modern agriculture, we cannot ignore the fact that ordinary farmers who manage their own contracted farmland still account for the majority of the basic agricultural conditions, and that industrial and commercial capital should drive farmers to develop modern agriculture, not replace them, and form a driving effect on farmers, not crowding out effects. Industrial and commercial capital mainly enters the production links and weak links of industrial development that families and farmers' cooperatives cannot do or can not do well.

Zhang Xiaoshan pointed out that in the process of encouraging industrial and commercial capital to enter the agricultural field, in order to restrain the negative impact of industrial and commercial capital and prevent possible non-agricultural and non-grain tendencies, it is necessary to establish a strict access system. All localities should have clear control over industrial and commercial enterprises leasing farmers' contracted farmland for a long time and in a large area, put on record at different levels according to area, and establish and improve the system of qualification examination and project examination. Secondly, it is necessary to establish a dynamic supervision system, and the relevant departments should regularly supervise and inspect the agricultural operation capacity, land use and risk prevention ability of land leasing enterprises, check the land use and the performance of contracts, and strengthen supervision afterwards. Establish a risk guarantee system to prevent damage to the rights and interests of farmers and people.