Farmers have tasted the benefits of water rights trading.

"the water under the festival can be sold for money, and the money sold can cover the water fee, and there is still a surplus. Water rights reform is good." At the scene of cashing annual water rights trading fees at the Water Rights Trading Center in Manas County, Xinjiang, Ma Guijie, a farmer who received the transaction fees, lamented from the bottom of his heart.

Ma Guijie is a villager in the sixth village of Taxi River, Baojiadian Town, Manas County. the whole family has 10.32 mu of arable land, 4180 cubic meters of approved water rights, 3179 cubic meters of actual water consumption for the whole year, and 1001 cubic meters of water saved and sold. According to the water price of 0.077 yuan per cubic meter approved by the water management unit, the water fee is 244.78 yuan, and the net income from water rights transaction is 300.60 yuan. After the net income from water rights is deducted from the water fee, there is still a balance of 55.82 yuan.

At the beginning of this year, Xinjiang launched a pilot project for comprehensive reform of water rights and water prices in Changji Prefecture and other places. Changji Prefecture comprehensively promoted the initial distribution of agricultural water rights, and each county and city identified a township or village and irrigation district as the pilot project area, in which Manas County identified the Taxi River sixth Village and Winter Maidi Village in Bao Jia Dian Town, Taxi River Irrigation District. A total of five project areas including Shangzhuangzi Village, three Zhuangzi villages and Leyuan Cooperatives in Letu Yi Town are piloted at the same time, with a total pilot area of 6496.4 mu. Taking the second round of land contract area as the basis, the five project areas have completed the initial registration of water rights and issued water rights certificates to farmers. Farmers can save water through the water rights trading center.

In order to ensure the standardization and sustainability of water rights trading, Manas County has set up a special water rights reform leading group to take a variety of measures to protect the vital interests of farmers.

Determine the initial water rights. Manas County issued the "initial Water right Division Management measures," and the county water rights reform leading group uniformly decomposed the county's total water resources control indicators into townships and villages, organized the county land, agriculture, water conservancy and other relevant departments to verify and register the second round of contracted land, and confirmed by farmers' signature to determine the benchmark data. Manas county takes the second round of contracted land, herdsman settlement and forage land, resettlement land, and village collective reserved land of no more than 10% as the initial object of water right determination, based on the agricultural comprehensive irrigation quota issued by the county people's government. The watershed management unit divides the water right to the farmer water user association, the association refines the water right to the peasant household, and the water administrative department issues the water right certificate.

Establish a water market. Manas County has improved the water rights trading system, set up a water rights trading platform, set up a water rights trading center in the Taxi River Basin, established a "water bank" by the Taxi River Basin Management Office through the Shimenzi Reservoir, and set up an information management platform for water rights trading. At the same time, standardize the process of water rights trading. Relying on grass-roots organizations and capable people, and taking farmers as the main body, the association submitted a written application, and the association came forward to negotiate with the trading center, which bought back and converted the amount of water, and supplied water to enterprises through the "water bank" and the water transportation and distribution system.

Establish an incentive mechanism for the transfer of water rights. First, taking Tiaotian, head and water use groups as water-saving units, taking water rights trading centers as carriers and associations as the main body, completing the appointment, review, transaction and income distribution of water rights conversion, and the amount of water saved within the agricultural irrigation quota shall be owned by the water transferor. The second is to establish an open, fair, transparent and efficient operation mechanism of the water market, adhere to market-oriented operation, explore the establishment of a mechanism for the regulation and storage of water banks and the paid transfer of water rights, and stipulate that the transaction price of water rights is six times the normal water price. mobilize the broad masses of farmers' enthusiasm for water conservation. Taxi River Industrial Park, as the main object of water right conversion in the project area, the water supply mainly depends on Shimenzi Reservoir, and the price of water supply is 1.5 yuan per cubic meter. As the existing water intake permits in the park can not meet the normal water needs of enterprises, the shortage of water consumption must be solved through agricultural water-saving conversion. Driven by interests, a market-oriented water rights trading chain has been gradually formed, in which farmers save water, take the lead of associations, buy back by trading centers, buy water by enterprises, regulate and store water banks, and distribute water at the right time.

Establish a system of income distribution. The water rights trading center has set a water-saving repurchase price of 6 times that of the current water management unit water price, that is, 0.462 yuan per cubic meter, and the remaining 0.385 yuan per cubic meter after deducting the water pipe unit water price. After deducting 2% of the transaction fees of the water rights trading center and 20% of the farmers' water users' associations, the farmers' final net income is 0.3003 yuan per cubic meter.

At present, through the reform of water rights trading, Manas County has explored and formed a water rights transfer mechanism with clear ownership, clear rights and responsibilities, strict protection and smooth circulation, which has made farmers change from a single water user to a water right transferor and become the main body and beneficiary of water market transactions. Water rights trading has stimulated farmers' enthusiasm to save water independently, changing "I want to save water" to "I want to save water", making water saving a conscious economic behavior. A long-term mechanism has been established for sustainable water saving. At the same time, water rights trading has also opened the channel for the transfer of water resources from agriculture to industry, realized the transformation of water resources allocation from low efficiency to high efficiency, and improved the efficiency and efficiency of water use.