Agricultural assessment should abandon the "yield-only theory" and attach equal importance to quantity and quality.

The just-concluded Central Economic work Conference proposed to speed up the transformation of the mode of agricultural development. Stabilizing the output of grain and major agricultural products and increasing farmers' income have always been an important part of agriculture. In the past, much emphasis has been placed on improving the price formation mechanism of agricultural products, the transfer of land management rights and vocational training. This relatively new formulation is to change the mode of agricultural development, and it is put forward in the form of a general program, which will promote a great change in agricultural development in the future, that is, from the one-sided pursuit of quantitative growth in the past to paying equal attention to quantity and quality.

So how to change the development mode of agriculture? The following points should be noted.

First, the assessment goal of unilaterally pursuing the growth of the number of agricultural products should be abandoned. In recent years, after the autumn harvest, there will be a period of publicity and reports about the continuous increase in the amount of grain in our country. the advantage is that the grain harvest is bumper and the results are gratifying. But the negative effect is that it is easy to cause the comparison of the quantity and ignore the resource cost behind it. In order to make the quantitative indicators look good, various localities may set production increase targets to press down layer by layer. In fact, just as our country has adjusted the one-sided assessment index of GDP, the assessment of agriculture should be diversified. Consideration should be given to the cost at which the increase in output is achieved, how much resources are consumed, and how much pollution is caused.

Second, the way of agricultural subsidies should be adjusted. The number of agricultural subsidies in China has increased greatly in the past decade, and most of the subsidies have been stimulating the growth of the quantity. The future subsidies should change their thinking, from simply stimulating quantitative growth to encouraging sustainable growth. Agricultural subsidies in developed countries have long abandoned the subsidies to stimulate quantitative growth, and most of them are subsidized according to household income, that is, those whose income lags behind the average, in order to narrow the income gap between families. In the future, China's agricultural subsidies should also be adjusted in this direction.

Third, it is necessary to transition from extensive agriculture to fine agriculture and restrain the extensive agriculture that wastes resources. There are many strict regulations on agricultural production in EU countries. For example, there is a coating regulation that chemical fertilizers and pesticides cannot be applied directly into the soil, and must be coated, that is, on the periphery of the seed, calculate all the nutrients needed for the seed from germination to maturity, and then wrap these nutrients around the seed. In this way, after the completion of the whole growth period, there is very little excess nutrition left in the end. At present, the mode of agricultural production in our country is extremely extensive, for example, irrigation is basically flooded, and the waste of water resources is serious.

Fourth, formulate plans to control non-point source pollution. At present, the application mode of chemical fertilizer in China is basically extensive, which leads to the annual growth rate of chemical fertilizer is much faster than that of grain, and so are pesticides. On the one hand, it causes a waste of resources, on the other hand, excessive residues of pesticides and fertilizers in the soil also cause a lot of non-point source pollution. It is time for China to comprehensively control non-point source pollution.

Fifth, the use of antibiotics should be restricted for the aquaculture industry and the excess of pesticides and chemical fertilizers should be restricted for the planting industry. Although the use of antibiotics is not allowed in our country, this is actually an unspoken rule in the high-density aquaculture industry. Europe and the United States have banned this abuse of antibiotic farming because the long-term use of antibiotics will have a negative impact on human health, but also may produce superbugs, endangering human survival. China should also issue strict regulations on the use of this kind, and strictly investigate and deal with abusers.

Sixth, vigorously develop sustainable technology and planting means, and pursue economical and sustainable development. I remember reading a review of organic agriculture. after summarizing several research reports, the article found that compared with conventional chemical agriculture, the yield of organic agriculture decreased less than that exaggerated by some people. in general, the output of organic agriculture is equivalent to 50% to 80% of that of chemical agriculture, that is to say, without chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the output can reach 80% of the conventional output. However, its negative impact on water and soil is many times stronger than that of conventional agriculture. Therefore, the current statistics only recognize the yield, but if the comprehensive statistics, the comprehensive output, inputs, pollution and sustainable use of resources, organic agriculture is many times better than traditional agriculture.

The transformation of the mode of agricultural development still needs a long process under the current habitual thinking, but it has already started. It is believed that more and more sustainable development methods and technologies will emerge in the future.