How to change the mode of agricultural development

The Central Economic work Conference held a few days ago clearly pointed out that it is necessary to unswervingly speed up the transformation of the mode of agricultural development, pay equal attention to quantity and quality benefits, pay attention to improving competitiveness, pay attention to agricultural technological innovation, and pay attention to sustainable intensive development, and take the road of modern agricultural development with high output efficiency, product safety, resource conservation, and environment-friendly.

Experts pointed out that under the background that China's economy has entered a new normal of improving quality and efficiency, China's agricultural development has also reached a new stage from an extensive development mode that pays attention to output to an intensive development mode that pays more attention to efficiency, and there is a long way to go to change the mode of agricultural development.

"China's grain has achieved'11 consecutive increases' this year, but it must be noted that the mode of grain production in our country is still relatively extensive, and this situation urgently needs to be changed in the face of increasingly serious constraints on cultivated land and water resources." Qin Fu, director of the Institute of Agricultural Economics of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said.

Compared with developed countries, grain production in China is still in the stage of extensive production, which depends on chemical fertilizers, pesticides and flood irrigation. The data show that at present, the average amount of chemical fertilizer per mu in China is 21.2 kg, which is 4.1 times the world average, and grain production is still difficult to get rid of the characteristics of "big farmers, big water, big fertilizer".

This extensive development mode directly leads to the decline of soil fertility. At present, the area of cultivated land degradation in China has accounted for more than 40% of the total cultivated land area. The black soil layer in Northeast China becomes thinner, the soil in the south is acidified, and the plough layer in North China Plain becomes shallow, which seriously affects the output of cultivated land.

"it can be said that the central government's proposal to speed up the transformation of the mode of agricultural development is to the point. How to change the mode of agricultural development? The most fundamental thing is to change from being factor-driven in the past to being driven by scientific and technological innovation, changing the extensive farming model of big farmers, floods, and fertilizers, and making science and technology the fundamental driving force for bumper grain harvests and agricultural production. " Qin Fu said.

At present, the comprehensive mechanization level of crop cultivation and harvest in China has exceeded 60 percent, nearly 30 percentage points higher than that of 10 years ago, but there is still a big gap compared with developed countries.

"the gap is potential, and in the future, we should take the connotative development road of relying on scientific and technological progress and increasing per unit yield, so as to insert the wings of science and technology into agriculture and grain." Han Changfu, Minister of Agriculture, said.

Han Yijun, a professor at the School of Economics and Management of China Agricultural University, believes that in the future, it is necessary to speed up the transformation of the mode of agricultural development, from the extensive management of mainly pursuing output growth, resources and consumption to paying equal attention to quantity and quality benefits, improving competitiveness, and paying attention to sustainable and intensive development.

"it is necessary to put the green concept throughout the whole process of tackling key problems in the mode of increasing production, and in the technological path, promote new varieties with high yield, high efficiency, and multi-resistance, promote scale, standardization, and mechanization, and promote the quality construction of cultivated land. Vigorously promote fertilizer control, drug control, water control and other cost-saving and efficiency-increasing technologies." Bi Meijia, chief economist and spokesman of the Ministry of Agriculture, believes that.

The reporter learned from the Ministry of Agriculture that China will carry out the green production model to tackle the key problems, and the green concept will run through the whole process of the production model. In the technical path, promote new varieties with high yield, high efficiency and multi-resistance, promote scale, standardization and mechanization, promote the quality construction of cultivated land, and vigorously promote fertilizer control, drug control, water control and other cost-saving and efficiency-increasing technologies. The plan strives to achieve "zero growth" in the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in grain and agricultural production by 2020, and strive to improve land output rate, input utilization rate and labor productivity.

"to change the mode of agricultural development is to take the road of sustainable development, to focus on returning farmland to forest, moisture, and grass, to restore agriculture's function of maintaining ecology, and to take the road of modern agriculture that is resource-saving and environment-friendly." Li Guoxiang, a researcher at the Institute of Rural Development of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said.

In the view of Dang Guoying, a researcher at the Rural Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, changing the mode of agricultural development is to pay more attention to efficiency and enhance the competitiveness of agricultural products.

"at present, the prices of many agricultural products in the international market are lower than ours. From this point of view, the competitiveness of China's agricultural products is not strong. Food security is not only quantitative security, but also quality security and economic security. "

Dang Guoying believes that in the future, we should reduce the cost of agricultural products through centralized and large-scale operation, and also rely on technological innovation to change the production mode to reduce costs, improve competitiveness, and fundamentally increase the efficiency of agricultural production.