Comprehensively understand the connotation of new urbanization

Although urbanization is an early phenomenon in developed countries, different countries have different national conditions, development paths and forms of expression have their own characteristics. China summarizes the experiences and lessons of urbanization development at home and abroad, and puts forward new ideas for the development of urbanization. This is an innovative exploration of the path and realization of urbanization based on the specific national conditions of our country.

Urbanization in China has entered a period of rapid development since the reform and opening up, showing three main characteristics: first, government-led urbanization has promoted the rapid development of urbanization, but it also brings problems such as inefficient allocation of resources, waste of land resources, heavy local debt burden and so on. Second, a large number of rural surplus labor force go to cities and towns to look for new employment opportunities, but due to the long-term implementation of the household registration system of urban and rural separation, most of these people have not really become citizens, resulting in faster land urbanization than population urbanization. Third, the development of small towns plays a certain role in promoting the local economy, absorbing employment and increasing the income of local residents, but there are also some problems, such as waste of resources, weak infrastructure, environmental pollution and so on. The scale of urban development is small, it is difficult to improve land use efficiency, achieve economies of scale, it is difficult to form a strong economic growth center, radiation to promote the development of larger regions.

Although urbanization in developed countries has promoted economic and social changes, its accompanying "urban problems" have always perplexed the government and society. First of all, there are traffic jams. Traffic congestion is a worldwide urban problem. Many cities increase their capacity by means of road development, viaduct construction, light rail construction, subway laying and other technical and facility improvement, or implement traffic control by means of traffic restrictions and individual traffic control. However, most cities have not completely and effectively solved this problem. Secondly, environmental pollution. Serious environmental problems have occurred in the process of urbanization in developed countries. Urban population and economic activities are dense, bacteria, viruses and microorganisms are easy to spread and breed through atmosphere, water, soil, food, human communication and other ways, endangering human health. Third, land prices are rising too fast. The agglomeration of population and economic activities brings land increment, but it also leads to the rapid growth of land price, which leads to a serious real estate bubble. Fourth, urban poverty. Urban overpopulation and insufficient employment opportunities, coupled with some unreasonable systems, have widened the gap between the rich and the poor.

The new type of urbanization in China includes not only the summary of our past experiences and lessons of urbanization, but also the thinking and avoidance of the problems in the process of urbanization in the West, as well as the new idea of the prospect of urbanization in the future. it is a new idea of the urbanization model of our country. The connotation of the new type of urbanization is very rich, among which people-oriented, low-carbon saving, pattern optimization, new technology leading these four points are very important.

People oriented; people foremost. People-oriented is the sublation of traditional urbanization on the philosophical level. Traditional urbanization takes the increase of material wealth as a means to achieve and pursue goals. The new type of urbanization takes human urbanization as the core, promotes people's all-round development and social fairness, justice and harmony, and human is the main body of urbanization. At the theoretical level, people-oriented is a breakthrough in the traditional urban-rural dual structure. The new type of urbanization highlights the overall planning of urban and rural areas and the mutual benefit of workers and farmers, emphasizes the equal exchange of urban and rural elements and the balanced allocation of public resources, the coordinated development of large, small and medium-sized cities and small towns, and the coordinated promotion of urbanization and the construction of new rural areas. abandoned the development thinking of "urban bias" and "neglect of rural areas". At the practical level, people-oriented is an effective way to realize human urbanization and protect human rights to the maximum extent on the basis of careful consideration of the conditions of urbanization in China. Under the special conditions of large population and little land and a large number of rural population, we should promote the migration of rural population to cities and towns and the citizenization of agricultural transfer population in an orderly manner, steadily promote the coverage of urban basic public services to the resident population, and fully respect farmers' right to choose their own residence in urban and rural areas.

Low-carbon saving. The new type of urbanization fully integrates the concept of ecological civilization into the process of urban development to build a low-carbon and economical way of production, life and consumption. First of all, economic activities should be economical and intensive, industrial development and urban construction should be economical and intensive use of land, water, energy and other resources, strengthen the recycling of resources, develop environment-friendly industries, promote environment-friendly production transformation, and reduce pollution emissions. Secondly, we should develop green transport, speed up the development of new energy and low-emission vehicles, improve the public transport system, and increase the proportion of public transport travel. Thirdly, promote green buildings to maximize the energy efficiency of buildings. Finally, advocate a simple, moderate, civilized and harmonious way of life, slow life, simple travel, and cultivate a green and low-carbon ecological culture.

Pattern optimization. The new type of urbanization is based on the optimization of urban system and urban internal spatial structure, pattern and form. According to the carrying capacity of resources and environment, optimize the spatial layout, construct a scientific and reasonable urban system, according to the development stage of urbanization, optimize the urban internal spatial structure, implement group development, reasonably locate the group function, and increase the internal relations of groups. reduce the commuting between groups, take multi-center groups as nodes, and construct a comprehensive urban traffic system. Comply with the trend of urban development and the new requirements of ecological civilization, through planning and guidance, market operation, cultivate unique satellite towns (towns), evacuate the functions of the central urban area, improve the efficiency of urban production and life, and promote the benign integration of the city and the ecological environment.

Technology leads. The urban development cycle is closely related to the economic and technological cycle, and the process of urbanization is bound to leave the mark of industrial and technological progress at that time. The steam revolution and the subsequent electric and chemical revolution caused a large number of industries and population to gather to the city, the number and scale of cities increased rapidly, and entered the development stage of "production city". After the 20th century, the emergence of Fordism based on division of labor and specialization realized mass production and formed a rapid transportation network, promoted urban diffusion, and brought about the transformation of cities to both production and service. After that, information technology and microelectronic technology were widely used, and the post-Fordism characterized by elastic specialization and lean production appeared, which enabled the city to complete the leap from production to service consumption. At present, the Internet of things, big data, cloud computing, mobile Internet and other new generation of information technology are profoundly changing the city's production and way of life, resulting in many corresponding urban development models, smart city is one of them. The new type of urbanization should apply the concept of smart city to urban planning and construction, combine technology with people organically, establish an urban intelligent management system, and enhance the intelligence and precision of urban construction and management. promote the efficient operation of urban production, circulation and services, and promote the healthy and sustainable development of the city.