Experts move to change the way of subsidy when the collection and storage of grain support market shows side effects.

Every year, the No. 1 document of the Central Committee is related to agriculture, and this official way of attaching importance to it is a concrete expression of the Chinese concept that "food is the most important thing for the people." China has a large population, and food security has always been a top priority. although there have been bumper harvests for many years, the country has not let up on the food issue.

In the institutional arrangement to ensure food security, grain reserve is a very important part of the national food security system. In 2004, the state began to implement the minimum grain purchase price policy. according to the regulations, the state announces the minimum purchase price policy for rice, wheat and so on every year before grain sowing. When the market price is lower than the minimum price, the state-designated grain enterprise, China Grain Reserve Management Corporation (hereinafter referred to as "medium Grain Storage"), buys it at the lowest price, so as to stabilize the market price and safeguard the interests of farmers.

However, this policy, which aims to ensure food security, protect food prices and increase farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain, has faced controversy from time to time in recent years. Some experts believe that China's current reserve rate is too high, resulting in a large number of overseas grain into the Chinese market, weakening the competitiveness of China's grain, and the existing market purchase methods are not conducive to improving the efficiency of grain cultivation.

The reporter learned that the National Development and Reform Commission and the State Grain Administration are also discussing the collection and storage system in order to deal with the situation that the market and policies are not satisfied.

Multi-party influence

"due to the strong rice and weak rice, there has been a general loss in the corn and rice processing industry, a large area of production has been stopped in the northeast, and the operating rate is seriously insufficient." Mu Yankui, vice chairman of Yihai Kerry, one of the large grain processing enterprises in China, said publicly.

What happened to Mu Yankui was that in 2013 and 2014, in the main rice producing areas, "all rice went into the state treasury within the first two months of storage."

"because the price of the state reserve is relatively high, growers, farmers and farms are all willing to sell to the government's reserves, so within a month or two, basically all the rice has been harvested." Mu Yankui believes that the processing plant will soon face the situation that there will be no rice to harvest. "as far as I know, last year was two months, and less than a month after the beginning of this year, 80% of the new rice on the market has been gone."

However, for the processing enterprises that play a major role in the grain market circulation, "they will not be able to raise funds and receive so many raw materials in the short term, so they will face the situation that there will be no grain processing in the next year." This situation even caused the price to hang upside down.

"you can take a look at the current rice market, processing enterprises have almost stopped production." Mu Yankui said.

For the grain storage in the main body of the national grain purchase policy, it is not cost-effective to calculate the economic account, which is an "investment that cannot make ends meet".

The National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Agriculture and other departments jointly issued a notice on the implementation of the minimum purchase price of middle and late rice this year on September 15, 2014. Among them, the lowest purchase price of middle and late rice takes the national standard third-class middle and late rice as the standard, of which the lowest purchase price of middle and late indica rice is 1.38 yuan per jin, and that of japonica rice is 1.55 yuan per jin, which is 0.03 yuan and 0.05 yuan higher than last year, respectively. The price difference between adjacent grades is controlled at 0.02 yuan per jin.

The lowest purchase price refers to the warehouse price directly purchased from farmers by the storage point that undertakes the task of purchasing at the lowest purchase price. Every year, the price of aged grain stored in rotation is about 400 yuan cheaper than that of that year, but the situation of auction of aged grain in stored grain is not optimistic.

"even if it is cheap, few people buy it." China Grain Reserve insiders told reporters, "the market situation is not good, old grain can not be sold, we have also suffered great losses."

The reason why old grain is difficult to sell is that "consumers generally like to eat new rice."

Data show that Anhui plans to sell 66567 tons of early indica rice in 2013 in the near future. Hubei plans to sell 39857 tons of early indica rice in 2013. Hunan plans to sell 149141 tons of early indica rice in 2013, with an actual turnover of 2356 tons, with a turnover rate of 1.58%. Jiangxi plans to sell 246059 tons of early indica rice in 2013, with an actual turnover of 1008 tons, with a transaction rate of 0.41%.

In fact, in the process of storage, China Grain Storage has also invested a huge amount of investment. "now, many technologies have been adopted in warehousing management, such as filling nitrogen, adjusting the temperature of air conditioners, and so on." The aforementioned people who store grain said.

"however, the aged grain market, which has been in place for two to three years, does not recognize it." Mu Yankui said.

In addition, at present, about 90% of the grain reserves on the market are managed in the central reserve, and other grain reserves are entrusted to commercial reserve institutions.

"the reserve environment of the central reserve is the best, and the grain in other commercial reserves is not as good as that in our own reserves, and it is even more difficult to sell aged grain." Another large domestic grain central enterprise insiders said.

In previous interviews with reporters, the management of China Grain Storage has said many times that the state also has an assessment of the person in charge of China Grain Storage, and the assessment of the loss of grain reserves is one of the assessment contents.