Do a good job of agricultural resources utilization and environmental protection

At present, China's agriculture has stood at a new historical starting point, the production capacity of grain and other major agricultural products has leapt to a new level, agriculture has accelerated its transformation to modernization, and has entered the ranks of middle-income countries, which is also a period of concentrated outbreak of various complex contradictions. among them, the intensification of resources and environmental constraints on agricultural development is one of the important contradictions.

In view of the outstanding problem of agricultural resources and environment, in recent years, especially since the "five-in-one" overall layout was put forward at the 18th CPC National Congress, workers on the agricultural front in China have explored boldly and dared to innovate. Remarkable achievements have been made in solving the bottleneck of agricultural resources and environment and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture. The typical experience provided here is one of the representatives, it is worthwhile for us to use the scientific spirit and the concept of ecological civilization to analyze these typical cases, sum up experience, and explore a path of agricultural sustainable development suitable for China's national conditions.

First, the intensity of development and utilization of agricultural resources in China is high, but the scale and mode of utilization are extensive. According to the data of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 2010, the United States, the largest resource of cultivated land, produced 363 million tons of grain with 2.96 billion mu, while China's grain production capacity of 1.83 billion mu of arable land was 510 million tons, and the grain production capacity per unit of arable land was 2.2 times that of the United States. however, the utilization rate of water resources and chemical fertilizer is much lower than that of the United States. For example, the precipitation resource rate and cultivated land irrigation rate in China are more than twice the world average, and the crop water use efficiency has reached the world advanced level, but the national average water use efficiency is far lower than the international advanced level. It can be seen that under the background of shortage of water, serious uneven distribution of time and space and low quality of agricultural resources in China, agricultural growth mainly depends on the high-intensity development of resources and a large amount of material input, resulting in resource and environmental problems such as depletion of resources, decline of resource quality, low utilization efficiency of inputs, high production costs and high external risks of the environment. Therefore, changing the mode of utilization of resources, from extensive to intensive, and paying more attention to the quality of resources is a feasible way under the current national conditions of our country.

Second, the circulation and efficient utilization of agricultural resources is the only way to solve the shortage of resources and reduce the external environmental risk. Intensive cultivation, combination of cultivation and cultivation, recycling of resources, etc., which are the essence of Chinese traditional farming civilization, play a fundamental role in the history of agricultural development in the past 7000 years. Of course, the traditional agricultural civilization based on small-scale peasant economy also reflects its limitations in the integration with large-scale modern agriculture. How to integrate the quintessence of traditional farming civilization into the modern agricultural system is a major issue that China's agriculture needs to actively explore. What is gratifying is that the ecological circular agriculture in Zhejiang and the resource utilization of straw and livestock and poultry manure in Jiangsu follow the ecological concept of recycling and efficient utilization, which not only realizes the recycling of resources, but also greatly reduces the risk of environmental pollution caused by agricultural organic wastes such as livestock and poultry manure and straw, gives consideration to production and ecological environment, and preliminarily explores a road of modern ecological circular agriculture.

Third, the progress of science and technology is the main driving force to solve the bottleneck of agricultural resources and environment. Science and technology has become the first productive force of agricultural development, and it will also become the first productive force to solve the problems of agricultural resources and environment. Over the years, in the exploration of solving the bottleneck of agricultural resources and environment, the comprehensive production capacity of agriculture has been greatly improved through scientific and technological innovation and technological application, such as model innovation, product creation, technology system construction and so on. Of course, it should also be noted that any technology has its own limitations and application time, such as plastic film not only increases the soil temperature and soil moisture, and then greatly increases the grain yield, but also causes pollution when used improperly. While strengthening the recovery and treatment of plastic film, speeding up the research, development, production and application of fully degradable plastic film is the key to the new development of plastic film technology. At present, these technologies are in the pre-dawn darkness, but after all, the light is ahead.

Fourth, to change the mode of agricultural development, we need to constantly improve the theoretical guidance and concept of agricultural development. Therefore, in the aspect of theoretical guidance, we should pay more attention to the weak industrial theory and multi-functional theory of agriculture under the guidance of basic industrial theory and following the three levels of theory: factor contribution theory, industrial balance theory and natural attribute theory. In the aspect of road selection, on the basis of paying attention to the industrialization roads such as scale, intensification and high efficiency, we should attach great importance to the self-repairing function of agro-ecosystem and actively carry out the mode innovation of the combination of planting and cultivation on an appropriate scale. combine production with environmental protection. In the aspect of following the law of natural reproduction, on the basis of following the market law, we need to follow the characteristics and laws of public welfare, social and basic nature of agriculture, and give full play to the role of the visible hand of the government and the invisible hand of the market.

In a word, in order to do a good job in the utilization of agricultural resources and environmental protection, we must integrate the concept of ecological civilization into agricultural development, consciously respect nature, adapt to and protect nature, establish the layout of productive forces that adapt to the carrying capacity of resources and match the environmental capacity, and construct the list of agricultural cleaner production technologies. Boldly explore the treatment of heavy metals in soil, the prevention and control of non-point source pollution, the comprehensive recycling of straw, the treatment of residual film pollution, the protection of biological resources, the prevention and control of alien invasive organisms, and the establishment of eco-agricultural models, etc., dare to practice and innovate to drive, we will certainly be able to embark on a road of sustainable agricultural development in China.