Main achievements of soil testing and formula fertilization

In view of the serious problems of excessive fertilization and blind fertilization in some areas, the No.1 document of the Central Committee in 2005 clearly stated that scientific fertilization should be carried out,"fertile soil project" should be done well, soil testing and formula fertilization should be promoted, and soil organic matter should be increased. Since 2005, the Ministry of Agriculture has organized and carried out soil testing and formula fertilization activities nationwide, and with the strong support of the Ministry of Finance, launched and implemented the subsidy project for soil testing and formula fertilization. In recent years, the No.1 document of the Central Committee and the key points of work of the State Council have clearly proposed to expand the scale of soil testing and formula fertilization. In the past ten years, with the support of the central finance, 7.8 billion yuan has been invested accumulatively, which has promoted the extensive development of scientific fertilization.

(1) Carry out soil sampling tests in an all-round way, and basically find out the "bottom" of cultivated soil in China. Over the past ten years, a total of 17.98 million soil samples have been collected and 124 million data have been analyzed. All localities have used soil testing data to carry out cultivated land fertility evaluation, establish cultivated land soil abundance and deficiency indicators, and develop county-level cultivated land resources management information systems. The soil nutrient status of 1.4 billion mu of cultivated land in 1857 project counties (fields) has been preliminarily found out, especially major common problems such as soil acidification, shallow tillage layer, phosphorus nutrient enrichment and cultivated land nutrient imbalance. In order to formulate fertilizer formula, A solid foundation has been laid for soil improvement and scientific fertilization.

(2) Extensive fertilizer efficiency experiments have been carried out and a preliminary fertilizer index system for major crops has been established. Each project county arranges "3414" field fertilizer experiments and calibration experiments on 1~2 main crops every year, and the cumulative number of experiments reaches more than 330,000. Through field experiments, the basic parameters such as soil fertilizer supply amount and fertilizer utilization efficiency were preliminarily found out, the fertilizer demand law of rice, wheat, corn, potato and other main crops was basically mastered, the soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient abundance index was revised again, and the county grain crop fertilizer index system was established, which provided scientific basis for formulating fertilizer formula.

(3) Carefully organizing technical guidance has greatly promoted the application of scientific fertilization technology. Over the past ten years, 920 million fertilization suggestion cards have been distributed, 494,000 training sessions have been organized and 136,000 on-site observations have been made. According to the principle of "large formula, small adjustment", formulate and issue regional fertilizer formula and scientific fertilization guidance opinions, and guide farmers to determine reasonable fertilization quantity, fertilization structure, fertilization period and fertilization method by means of "formula card on wall, demonstration tablet into village, training class to field, touch screen to store, formula fertilizer to field".

(IV) Widely carry out the docking of agricultural enterprises and promote the popularization and application of formula fertilizers. Since 2012, in accordance with the "eight characters" goal of "consolidation, expansion, deepening and extension", we have organized cooperation between agricultural enterprises and docking of production and demand, carried out the "hundred counties, thousands of villages" system to promote soil testing and formula fertilization, promoted formula fertilizers to enter the fields, and changed the fertilization methods. In 2013, 100 state-level cooperative enterprises supplied 4.5 million tons of formula fertilizer (pure), and the demonstration counties (farms), townships (towns) and villages were promoted to achieve full coverage of soil testing and formula fertilization technology for major soil types and bulk crops.

As an advanced scientific fertilization technology, soil testing and formula fertilization has obvious application effect, which plays a positive role in promoting stable grain yield, agricultural cost saving and efficiency enhancement, farmers 'continuous income increase and energy saving and emission reduction, mainly reflected in four aspects of "double increase, double section, double excellence and double lift".

First, it has achieved a "double increase" in crop yield and farmers 'income. According to the sampling survey of farmers, the yield of wheat, rice and corn increased by 3.7%, 3.8% and 5.9% per mu, and the income of horticultural crops such as vegetables and fruit trees increased by more than 100 yuan per mu.

The second is to promote the production cost and resource consumption "double section". In the demonstration area of soil testing and formula fertilization, the unreasonable fertilization amount can be reduced by 1~2 kg (pure) per mu. It is estimated that by 2013, the unreasonable fertilization amount has been reduced by more than 9.5 million tons, equivalent to saving 24.7 million tons of coal, reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 64 million tons, reducing nitrogen and phosphorus losses by 8%~30%, effectively reducing non-point source pollution.

Third, accelerate the fertilizer structure and fertilizer industry structure "double excellent". Through the implementation of the project, the agricultural demand for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in China has been basically ascertained, and the blind expansion of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer production capacity has been effectively prevented, and the rational allocation of potassium fertilizer resources has been promoted. Through the cooperation of agricultural enterprises to promote formula fertilizer, large and medium-sized fertilizer enterprises are guided to produce formula fertilizer according to the prescription, which promotes the optimization and adjustment of fertilizer industry and fertilizer application structure, gradually increases the proportion of formula fertilizer application, and initially controls the excessive growth momentum of nitrogen fertilizer application.

Fourth, it promoted the scientific fertilization level and fertilizer utilization rate "double lift". Through the implementation of the project, farmers 'traditional ideas such as heavy chemical fertilizer, light organic fertilizer and partial nitrogen fertilizer are changing. According to sampling survey, about 70% farmers adopted soil testing and formula fertilization technology in grain crop soil testing and formula fertilization demonstration area. Through the popularization of soil testing and formula fertilization technology, the fertilizer utilization rate of formula fertilization is obviously improved compared with farmers 'conventional fertilization. In 2012, the fertilizer utilization rate reached 33%, 5 percentage points higher than that in 2005.