Main problems of Chemical Fertilizer Application in China

First, the amount of fertilizer used is still too large. In 2012, the total amount of agricultural fertilizer application in China reached 58.39 million tons (converted to pure, the same below), accounting for about 1/3 of the total amount of fertilizer application in the world, which is the sum of the United States and India, and has become the world's largest fertilizer consumer. The average fertilizer consumption per mu of crops in China is 21.2 kg, far higher than the world average level of 8 kg, three times that of the United States and 2.5 times that of India and the European Union. Excessive fertilization not only increases the cost of agricultural production, but also consumes a lot of resources and energy, resulting in soil and groundwater pollution.

Second, the fertilization structure is still unreasonable. For a long time, farmers have formed the habit of heavy nitrogen fertilizer, light phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, heavy element fertilizer, light medium and trace element fertilizer, heavy chemical fertilizer and light organic fertilizer. At present, the utilization rate of organic fertilizer resources in China is about 25%, of which the nutrient return rate of livestock manure is about 50%, and the direct return rate of straw nutrients is only 35%. Organic nutrients accounted for 40% of the total nutrient input, 10 percentage points lower than the rational application ratio.

Third, fertilization methods are still relatively backward. Northeast, Huanghuaihai corn production areas to take more "one shot" fertilization method, resulting in fertilizer waste, lack of fertilizer later. In addition, labor costs increase, fertilizer equipment does not match, shallow fertilizer, surface fertilizer, sowing phenomenon is more common. Expert analysis, wheat, rice and soybean topdressing more than 80% of the use of surface sowing, vegetable topdressing more than the use of large water flushing mode, fertilizer loss is more serious.