Guide the concentration of cultivated land to major grain growers and other business entities

International experience shows that a country's food security priorities and policy objectives will continue to adjust with its own economic development and changes in the international environment.

At the Central Rural Work Conference held in December 2013, it was proposed to implement a national food security strategy based on China, ensuring production capacity, moderate imports and scientific and technological support, so as to ensure basic self-sufficiency in grain and absolute safety of rations. This is a policy put forward by the central government by drawing on international experience and adapting to the new situation and new requirements of changes in domestic resource and environmental conditions, grain supply and demand patterns and international trade environment.

We see that developed countries generally do not have outstanding food quantity or supply security problems, and the focus of food security is mainly on food price stability and food security for the poor. For them, more emphasis is placed on food nutrition and price stability. Countries with scarce agricultural production resources per capita pay more attention to providing sufficient and diversified food supply for their residents through international trade, in addition to highly protecting key agricultural products (such as rice and potatoes) for domestic consumption to maintain a high self-sufficiency rate.

Two important relationships and four key tasks

In order to construct and implement the national food security strategy under the new situation, China should deal with two important relationships: one is to pay more attention to quality and quality safety while paying attention to food quantity; the other is to pay more attention to sustainable agricultural development while ensuring current supply.

Of course, we should also focus on four key tasks:

First, we should strictly observe the red line of cultivated land protection. Adhere to the red line of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land, further improve the policy of balance between cultivated land occupation and compensation, and ensure that the total amount of basic farmland will not decrease, the use will not change, and the quality will not decline.

second, we must mobilize and protect the enthusiasm of farmers in the main producing areas for growing grain and the enthusiasm of the governments in the main producing areas for grasping grain. Let farmers grow grain profitably, and let the main producing areas catch grain to get benefits.

third, it is necessary to clarify the responsibilities of the central and local governments.

fourth, we should attach great importance to saving grain. The alarming reality of waste requires saving grain, focusing on solving the problem of grain waste in the process of storage, sales and processing, and forming a good trend of saving grain.

How to ensure food security

How to ensure food security?

First, increase the comprehensive grain production capacity. China's agricultural labor productivity and land productivity still have a lot of room to improve, and the main way to tap the potential is to develop various forms of agricultural scale management. To promote the scale of land management, attention should be paid to moderate and orderly growth of labor productivity and land output rate.

The main responsibilities of the government are, on the one hand, to improve the policy of urbanization of agricultural transferred population, to promote the transfer of rural labor force for employment and settlement, and to create conditions for large-scale operation; on the other hand, to improve the rural land property rights system, to develop rural land market, and to guide the concentration of cultivated land to new business entities such as large grain farmers, family farms and professional cooperatives. To improve agricultural production efficiency, we should continue to promote agricultural technological progress and improve basic grain production conditions.

Second, enhance sustainable development capacity. We should change the practice of pursuing grain production regardless of environmental costs and effectively protect the agricultural ecological environment. Scientific and rigorous planting standards for heavy metal contaminated land should be formulated. For areas with serious pollution and real need to withdraw from grain cultivation, reasonable ecological compensation mechanisms should be established to ensure that farmers 'employment and income will not be affected. A special subsidy system for land quality protection will be implemented to reward and subsidize farmers who voluntarily fallow cultivation, adjust the structure or restrict the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

third, we should improve the quality and level of cultivated land. Expand the implementation scope of soil testing, formula fertilization, soil organic matter improvement pilot projects, etc. Energetically popularize conservation tillage techniques, implement rational crop rotation and intercropping, and reduce the damage of agricultural tillage to soil layers. Encourage and guide farmers to adopt soil improvement techniques such as straw returning to fields, planting green manure and increasing organic fertilizer to improve soil organic matter content. Focus on the main grain producing areas, carry out comprehensive management of water, soil, farmland, forests and roads, intensify the transformation of medium and low yield farmland, and increase the proportion of stable and high yield farmland.

Fourth, strengthen the construction of farmland water conservancy infrastructure and improve the management and protection mechanism of farmland water conservancy construction. We should deepen the reform of the management system of water conservancy projects and speed up the implementation of the financial subsidy policy for the operation and maintenance of irrigation and drainage projects. Explore a new mechanism for farmland water conservancy capital construction by means of rewards instead of subsidies, construction first and compensation later.

Fifth, we should strengthen agricultural scientific research and technological popularization. Focus on molecular breeding, strengthen basic research and biotechnology development; focus on agricultural Internet of Things and precision equipment, and build a full-process information and mechanization technology system for agriculture. Establish a breeding innovation system with enterprises as the main body, promote the flow of seed talents, resources and technologies to enterprises, and cultivate and popularize a batch of breakthrough new varieties with high yield, high quality, stress resistance and adaptability to mechanized production. Strengthen the construction of rural grass-roots public welfare service system, support the development of farmers 'cooperatives, professional service companies, professional technical associations, farmers' brokers, agriculture-related enterprises and other service organizations, give full play to the role of operational service organizations, and provide low-cost, convenient and all-round services for farmers engaged in grain production and operation activities.

Sixth, improve the grain price formation mechanism and market regulation system. The state starts target prices, allowing market supply and demand to determine food prices. Document No.1 of the Central Committee in 2014 requires that the pilot project of soybean target price subsidy in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia be launched. Comprehensive use of reserve throughput, import and export regulation and other means to ensure the basic stability of domestic grain market supply. We will improve the central grain reserve management system and encourage qualified diversified market entities to participate in grain policy collection and storage.

In addition, we should make rational use of international resources and grain markets. We will study and formulate international trade strategies, strengthen import planning guidance, optimize the distribution of import sources, and establish stable and reliable grain trade relations. Entry-exit plant inspection and quarantine shall be strengthened, grain smuggling shall be cracked down on, and the quality safety of imported grain and the safety of domestic industries shall be guaranteed. We will speed up the implementation of the agricultural going-out strategy and cultivate large-scale grain and oil enterprises with international competitiveness. Explore the establishment of an international trade fund for agricultural products and an overseas agricultural development fund.

Seventh, strengthen food production development support policies. We will continue to implement policies such as direct subsidies for grain farmers, subsidies for improved varieties, subsidies for agricultural machinery and comprehensive subsidies for agricultural materials. The new subsidies will be tilted towards important agricultural products such as grain, new agricultural business entities and main production areas. Pilot subsidies to producers according to actual grain planting area or output shall be carried out in places where conditions permit, so as to improve the accuracy and directivity of subsidies. Establish benefit compensation mechanism. We will improve the compensation mechanism for the interests of major grain producing areas and support local governments in carrying out compensation for cultivated land protection. We will increase financial transfers and payments to major grain producing areas, increase incentives and subsidies to major commodity grain producing provinces and counties, encourage major marketing areas to invest in the construction of grain production bases in major grain producing areas through various means, and undertake the task of fulfilling the state grain reserves. Increase insurance support. Increase the proportion of premium subsidies from central and provincial finance for major food crop insurance.