Seven achievements of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences won national science and technology awards

On January 9, 2014 National Science and Technology Awards Conference was held in the Great Hall of the people. As the first completed unit, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences won seven national science and technology awards, including five second prizes of the National Science and Technology Progress Award and two second prizes of the National technological Invention Award.

"Establishment of breeding Technical system and breeding of New varieties of Cabbage male sterile Lines" completed by Academician Fang Zhiyuan of vegetable and Flower Research Institute, "remote Sensing Monitoring Technology of Agricultural drought and Flood disaster" completed by researcher Tang Huajun of Agricultural Resources and Agricultural regionalization Research Institute, "Evaluation and innovative Utilization of important breeding Target characters in Wheat Germplasm Resources" by Li Lihui, researcher of crop Science Research Institute, The five achievements of "key techniques and regionalization Integrated Application of Super Rice High-yield cultivation" and "Feed enzyme Technology system Innovation and key Product creation" completed by researcher Zhu Defeng of Rice Research Institute and researcher Yao Bin of Feed Research Institute won the second prize of National Science and Technology Progress Award respectively. The "rape High Oil content Polymerization breeding Technology and its Application" completed by Wang Hanzhong, a researcher of Oil crop Research Institute, and the "Peanut low temperature pressing Oil and Cake protein High value Utilization key Technology and equipment creation" completed by Wang Qiang, a researcher of Agricultural products processing Research Institute, respectively won the second prize of the National technological Invention Award.

The scientific research team led by Academician Fang Zhiyuan discovered the dominant genic male sterile source of cabbage for the first time and established the breeding technical system of male sterile lines, and took the lead in establishing the breeding technique of excellent CMSR3 cytoplasmic male sterile lines by self-compatibility line transfer. A number of excellent cabbage backbone inbred lines for male sterile line transfer were created, and six breakthrough cabbage varieties were cultivated, which were popularized in nearly 10 million mu in 25 provinces, autonomous regions and cities in China, with an increase of social and economic benefits of about 3 billion yuan. Through the research, a new way of hybrid seed production of cabbage was created, which enriched the theory and practice of vegetable male sterility genetics and breeding, and played an important role in improving the level of vegetable breeding, ensuring vegetable supply and resisting the impact of foreign vegetable varieties.

Tang Huajun's scientific research team broke through three major technical problems in agricultural drought and flood remote sensing monitoring, such as low monitoring accuracy, poor response time and small scope of application, and established the theory of full remote sensing inversion of evapotranspiration and full process analysis of flood and waterlogging, which adapted to complex disaster situations. It has promoted the development of the remote sensing monitoring theoretical system of agricultural drought and waterlogging disasters in China. It breaks through the key technologies such as the rapid acquisition of disaster information, dynamic analysis of drought and flood disasters and disaster damage assessment, and solves the technical problems of low accuracy and poor timeliness of remote sensing monitoring and evaluation under complex disaster conditions in China. The first high-precision, large-scale and short-period remote sensing monitoring system for drought and waterlogging disasters in China is established, which realizes routine drought monitoring once every ten days and emergency monitoring once every three days. For the first time, the quantitative evaluation results of agricultural flood damage can be reported within 4 hours after remote sensing image acquisition.

Li Lihui's scientific research team has developed a new technology for simultaneous identification of phenotypes and proteins of many important breeding target traits, such as resistance to panicle sprouting, scab and sheath blight, foreign target genes and other genotypes of germplasm resources with different growth stages in the same growing season, establishing a new way of resource-led breeding and breaking through the narrow genetic base. It established a technical system for the exploration and efficient utilization of excellent germplasm resources, and opened up a new model for the coordinated development of crop germplasm resources and breeding under the market economy. The excellent germplasm resources provided by the achievements were used to cultivate 34 new varieties, with a total planting area of 133 million mu and social and economic benefits of 5.5 billion yuan.

Zhu Defeng's scientific research team revealed the high-yield growth characteristics of super rice varieties, studied the common law of high-yield formation of super rice varieties, put forward practical indexes for the construction of high-yield population of super rice varieties, and established the key techniques for high-yield cultivation of super rice varieties. From 2011 to 2013, the application area of super rice in the main extension provinces of super rice exceeded 100 million mu, increased rice production by 6.4 million tons, increased efficiency by nearly 14 billion yuan, achieved huge economic, social and ecological benefits, and made an important contribution to the annual increase of grain production in China.

Yao Bin scientific research team established an efficient technical system for mining enzyme and its gene resources, broke through the study of enzyme structure-activity mechanism and efficient expression mechanism, and constructed an efficient expression technical system with an expression level of 10-50g/L. The production level of many kinds of feed enzymes is more than 3 times higher than that of similar technology. The products are widely used in 31 provinces, autonomous regions and cities throughout the country, accounting for more than 80% of the market and exported to more than 20 countries. Save 60 million tons of resources and reduce pollution emissions by more than 10 million tons.

Wang Hanzhong led the scientific research team to establish the oil content research population with the largest number and the most extensive genotypic variation at present. Through unique genetic experiments, it was proved for the first time that maternal genotypes had the greatest effect on seed oil content (up to 86%). Four high oil resources containing five different oil content regulation pathways and four new functional genes with independent intellectual property rights were identified for the first time. The association analysis and genetic population linkage analysis were combined for the first time to study the oil content of rape, and it was clear that there was no obvious correlation between oil content and yield and its main components. Five new rape varieties (hybrids) with high oil content, double low, high yield, multi-resistance and wide adaptability with completely independent intellectual property rights were created. Zhongshuang 11 is the first double-low rape variety in the world with high oil content (49.04%), strong crack angle resistance, high lodging resistance and resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and its oil content is the highest among the national approved varieties of winter rape in China. It effectively overcomes the contradiction between high oil content and double low, high yield and multi-resistance.

Wang Qiang's scientific research team invented the technology and equipment for co-production of peanut oil and cake protein by low temperature pressing, which realized the innovation of traditional oil production technology. The preparation and modification technology of peanut globulin and protein concentrate was invented, which filled the gap in China. The preparation technology of functional peanut short peptide was invented, which greatly improved the added value of the product. As a result of the transformation and application of the enterprises, the cumulative sales income over the past three years was 15 billion yuan, with an increase in profits of 800 million yuan and tax revenue of 200 million yuan. This achievement overcomes the bottleneck technology and equipment problems in the current peanut processing industry, creates a precedent for low temperature pressing of peanuts and high-value utilization of protein, and provides scientific and technological support for improving the nutritional quality of grain and oil and ensuring the safety of national grain and oil.

In addition, as a participating unit, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences has also won two national science and technology awards. Among them, the "Rice Indica-Japonica heterosis related Gene Mining and New Variety cultivation" completed by the Institute of crop Science won the second prize of the National technological Invention Award. The "Research and Development and Application of Green Prevention and Control Technology of Highland Barley and Herbage pests on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau" completed by the Plant Protection Institute won the second prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award.