The three arrows of rural reform have been launched together, and 300 million mu of land has been transferred to pilot projects.

The price reform of agricultural products, the reform of the rural land system, and the reform of the property rights of rural collective assets have entered the deep water area, indicating that a new round of agricultural and rural reform is speeding up in an all-round way.

Although it is still in the depths of winter, the spring tide of the pilot rural land system reform has been surging. With the introduction of the three pilot opinions on the reform of the rural land system, the price reform of agricultural products, the reform of the rural land system, and the reform of rural collective property rights have formed the trend of "three arrows together", indicating that a new round of agricultural and rural reform is speeding up in an all-round way. In this round of rural reform, in the process of accelerating the elimination of the dual structure of urban and rural areas, the main carriers of farmers' rights, such as agricultural products, "three plots of land" and rural collective assets, are clearly defined and empowered. This will lay a solid foundation for safeguarding farmers' rights and interests, innovating agricultural management system and promoting agricultural modernization.

Price reform respects the market more

The price reform of agricultural products is still in the acceleration period of a long-distance run. The state is making great efforts to promote the gradual transformation of the minimum purchase price and temporary purchase and storage policy to the target price policy of agricultural products.

Since January this year, the state has liberalized the purchase price of tobacco. As tobacco is the last variety to be priced by the government in the field of agricultural products, the industry believes that this marks the complete withdrawal of the government from the historical stage of pricing agricultural products, but it does not mean that the price reform of agricultural products has been completed. In fact, the price reform of agricultural products is still in the acceleration period of a long-distance run. The state is making great efforts to promote the gradual transformation of the minimum purchase price and temporary purchase and storage policy to the target price policy of agricultural products, and to implement the separation of "price" and "supplement".

In recent years, the minimum purchase price and temporary purchase and storage policy have played a key role in arousing farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain and strengthening the country's ability to regulate and control grain. However, under the new situation that the price of domestic agricultural products continues to exceed that of foreign countries, the original policy is facing severe challenges. "the price formation mechanism of agricultural products is distorted, and the role of the market has not been brought into full play." Cheng Guoqiang, a researcher at the Development Research Center of the State Council, said that the minimum purchase price and the temporary purchase and storage policy have increased the expectation of "only rising but not falling" grain prices, making the market a "policy city" to a certain extent. In particular, cotton and sugar have formed an unfavorable situation of "increasing domestic production, national reserves, imports and national reserves". It is under this background that the central government regards the price reform of agricultural products as an important work of agricultural and rural reform.

For the sake of caution, our country promotes the target price reform by variety and region, and carries on the first trial to soybean and cotton. Last year, the state formally abolished the temporary collection and storage policy for cotton and soybeans, launched pilot projects of target price subsidies for cotton in Xinjiang, northeast China and Inner Mongolia, and explored pilot projects for target price insurance of agricultural products such as grain and live pigs. The target price is determined according to the production cost plus the basic income and does not interfere with the market price.

Take cotton as an example. In 2014, the target price was 19800 yuan per ton, ending the three-year temporary collection and storage policy. Relevant people of the National Development and Reform Commission believe that this price can compensate the cost of cotton production in the pilot areas and ensure that farmers can obtain basic benefits. At present, the state has carried out a pilot reform of target price subsidies for cotton and soybeans, and set up regulation and control plans for live pigs to alleviate periodic fluctuations in market prices. and through comprehensive measures such as establishing a reserve system for important agricultural products and improving the import and export regulation mechanism of agricultural products, it has prevented the sharp fluctuation of the prices of major agricultural products and protected the interests of farmers.

Land reform focuses on returning rights and enabling

In view of the problems such as the excessive scope of land expropriation and the imperfect security mechanism for land-expropriated farmers, it is necessary to explore and improve the land expropriation system with standardized procedures, reasonable compensation and diversified security.

From the confirmation of land rights to land transfer, from the entry of commercial construction land into the market to the reform of homestead system, the breadth and depth of rural land system reform is unprecedented.

Last year, China selected Shandong, Sichuan and Anhui provinces to carry out the whole province pilot project of registration and certification of land contractual management rights, while other provinces chose the whole county to carry out the pilot project. At present, 1611 counties (cities) have carried out pilot projects, involving 300 million mu of arable land. The Ministry of Agriculture said that this year, the pilot project for the registration and issuance of land contractual management rights will be further expanded, with eight to 10 provinces to carry out the whole province pilot project, and each prefecture and city in other provinces select one county to carry out the whole county pilot project, covering an area of 500 million mu.

The confirmation of power is the first step, and the key point is to guide the transfer of land. At present, land transfer is showing a trend of accelerated development. The total area of cultivated land transferred under household contract management is 380 million mu, with a circulation proportion of 28.8%. There are more than 2.87 million professional households with an operating area of more than 50 mu, and more than 870000 family farms.

At present, the area of rural collective construction land is about 42 million mu, and the total area of homestead is about 170 million mu. The previous land system put more emphasis on the resource attribute of agricultural land, did not pay enough attention to the asset attribute, the circulation of residential land was strictly restricted, and the proportion of farmers in the value-added income of construction land was too small. At present, with the permission of the central government, some areas have carried out a pilot trial on the reform of rural collective construction land, and achieved certain results. Chongqing, Sichuan and other places have carried out pilot projects for the transfer of rural collective construction land to explore the rational distribution of value-added income among the state, collectives and individuals.

A few days ago, the central government issued policy documents on rural land expropriation, collective construction land entry into the market, and homestead system. Jiang Daming, minister of land and resources, interpreted that in view of the problems such as the excessive scope of land expropriation and the imperfect security mechanism for land-expropriated farmers, it is necessary to explore and improve the land expropriation system with standardized procedures, reasonable compensation and diversified security; in view of the problems such as incomplete land use rights for rural collective management construction and not equal access to the market, it is necessary to establish a market entry system of rural collective management construction land with the same right and the same price, smooth circulation and income sharing. In view of the difficulties in obtaining and withdrawing homestead for farmers, it is necessary to improve the homestead system of fair acquisition in accordance with the law, economical and intensive use, voluntary and paid withdrawal.

Asset Reform focuses on clarifying property Rights

For operating assets, the key point is to clarify the ownership of collective property rights, quantify the conversion of assets into members of collective economic organizations, and explore the development of farmers' joint-stock cooperation.

Just after New Year's Day, the villagers who received the dividend funds in Tongjiaqiao Village, Shapingba District, Chongqing were overjoyed. One of the most villagers received nearly 16000 yuan in dividends. "the collective economy of the village has developed and expanded, and we all have dividends at the end of the year," he said. " At present, the four village groups in the village have completed the year-end dividends for the village group in 2014, with a total distribution of 8.76 million yuan, an increase of 1.46 million yuan over the previous year, benefiting more than 2300 villagers and shareholders.

Tongjiaqiao Village is a typical village in the city, and its collective income mainly depends on factory buildings, facade houses and venues for rent. After years of accumulation, the village has formed considerable collective assets, with a collective annual income of 11 million yuan. In recent years, the village has carried out a joint-stock reform of collective assets, so that villagers become shareholders, through the quantification of shares to people to clarify the ownership of assets.

With the development of rural economy, the collective income of many local villages is growing rapidly, and villagers pay more and more attention to financial disclosure and how to distribute collective income. Experts believe that after demutualization, everyone who has been registered in the village can enjoy the corresponding equity in collective assets for the length of time they have been in the village. "after the demutualization reform, villagers have become more concerned about collective development." This is the feeling of Li Dazhi, former party committee secretary of Gonghe Village, Longpo District, Chongqing. Gonghe Village has set up a collective assets supervision committee, which is composed of 21 representatives, including agricultural non-representatives, who are responsible for auditing the income distribution of collective assets in the village and other major matters.

"the pilot project for the reform of property rights of rural collective assets will take into account different regions of the east, middle and west, and a number of qualified counties (cities) will be selected as units, and the pilot work will be completed by the end of 2017." Chen Xiaohua, vice minister of the Ministry of Agriculture, said: in accordance with the requirements of the modern property rights system and proceeding from reality, the reform of the joint-stock cooperative system of rural collective property rights should be carried out. For operating assets, the focus is to clarify the ownership of collective property rights, quantify the conversion of assets to the members of collective economic organizations, and explore the development of farmers' joint-stock cooperation. For non-operating assets, the focus is to explore an effective mechanism for collective unified operation and management, so as to better provide public welfare services for members of collective economic organizations and community residents.