The level of agricultural mechanization in China has reached 61%. Realize the 12th five-year Plan ahead of schedule.

The agricultural mechanization rate of 61% means that the mode of agricultural production in China has achieved a historic leap from human and animal power to machinery operation. However, there are still some problems, such as the unbalanced structure of the development of agricultural mechanization and the poor infrastructure conditions for the application of agricultural machinery. Only by solving these problems can we ensure that farmers are "affordable, well-used and cost-effective".

At the national agricultural mechanization work conference held on January 14, Zhang Taolin, vice minister of the Ministry of Agriculture, said that in 2014, the total power of agricultural machinery reached 1.076 billion kilowatts, an increase of 3.57 percent over the same period last year, and the level of agricultural mechanization reached more than 61 percent. Achieve the 12th five-year Plan goal one year ahead of schedule. In the whole year, a total of 150 million mu of subsoiling land preparation area was completed, exceeding the target of 100 million mu set by the government work report in 2014.

Outperform 35 years in 10 years

The agricultural mechanization rate of 61% means that the mode of agricultural production in China has achieved a historic leap from human and animal power to machinery operation. At the end of 2004, the first law, the Law on the Promotion of Agricultural Mechanization, was formally implemented in the history of agricultural mechanization in China. Since then, the development of agricultural mechanization has ushered in a golden decade. the central government has invested more than 120 billion yuan in subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery over the past 10 years, and subsidized more than 35 million sets of agricultural machinery. The increase in the level of agricultural mechanization exceeded the sum of the 35 years before the law was implemented, and the total output value of the agricultural machinery industry increased from 85.4 billion yuan to 357.1 billion yuan.

At present, China's agricultural machinery industry cluster has initially formed, and the main agricultural machinery products have been able to meet more than 90% of the domestic needs. China's agricultural machinery market is not only not monopolized by foreign brands, but also cultivated a number of leading enterprises with strong competitiveness. "the company continues to increase investment in product research and development, and has achieved self-made core components such as engines, gearboxes, front and rear axles, and invested a total of 5 billion yuan in research and development, focusing on breaking through high-end new products. output of large and medium-sized tractors, harvesting machinery products nearly 1 million." Wang Guimin, chairman of Futian Leiwo heavy Industry, said that over the past 10 years, the company's agricultural equipment sales revenue has increased from nearly 2 billion yuan in 2004 to 10.9 billion yuan in 2013, with an average annual compound growth rate of more than 18 percent.

Whether in the United States of large-scale agriculture, or in Japan and South Korea with small and medium-sized operations, the common feature of agricultural mechanization is capital-and technology-intensive, and farmers mainly purchase agricultural machinery for their own use. However, the average cultivated land of farmers in China is only 7.6 mu, and there is even less land per household in the central and eastern regions. How on earth is the coordination between mechanized large-scale production and small peasant household management? Agricultural machinery cooperatives and cross-district operation of agricultural machinery are the answer.

Zhang Taolin said that with the aging of farmers and the acceleration of land transfer, agricultural mechanization has great potential to solve the problem of "who will farm the land?" At present, the prices of major agricultural products are hanging upside down at home and abroad, so it is particularly urgent to develop mechanization in order to reduce the cost of agricultural production and improve market competitiveness. Farmers' cooperatives and agricultural machinery service organizations are increasingly becoming new types of agricultural mechanization applications, and there is a strong demand for matching and diversified agricultural machinery equipment and services.

Structural imbalance is prominent.

However, the structure of the development of agricultural mechanization is not balanced. As far as the region is concerned, at present, only 9 provinces in the country have a mechanization level of more than 70%, 4 provinces are less than 40%, and Guizhou less than 20%. As far as crops are concerned, wheat in the three staple grains has basically achieved full mechanization. The mechanization of double-cropping rice areas, main sugarcane producing areas, cotton producing areas and rape producing areas is relatively slow, and many links of cash crop mechanization are still blank. The mechanization of drying, efficient plant protection and primary processing has just started.

Luo Xiwen, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, has been engaged in agricultural machinery research all his life. In his view, at present, China's agricultural equipment technology still has many shortcomings, even gaps, and the lack of high-efficiency, multi-functional and accurate agricultural machinery equipment to adapt to large-scale agricultural production has become a bottleneck restricting the development of the industry. "the main dilemma encountered by the sugarcane and cotton industry is the lack of advanced and suitable operating machinery, resulting in a large number of workers, high production costs and weak industrial competitiveness."

Although the number of agricultural machinery and equipment has increased significantly, the phenomenon of large proportion of low-grade machinery and poor infrastructure for the use of agricultural machinery still exists. Although new main bodies such as agricultural machinery cooperatives have made great progress, the overall degree of organization is low, there are few highly skilled personnel, more than 70% of drivers are over 50 years old, and there is a shortage of skilled robots and leaders of high-quality cooperatives. Although the output value of agricultural machinery industry ranks first in the world, the ability of technological independent innovation is weak, the supply of new products with high scientific and technological content is insufficient, and the external dependence of some key machinery and core components is high.

Industrial upgrading is the key

Wang Guimin said that the overall upgrading of the agricultural machinery industry requires huge investment.At present, domestic agricultural machinery products are mainly in the middle and low end, and it is difficult to break through the core technology and high-end products in the short term by relying on the independent development model of enterprises. It is suggested that the state should list the project of autonomy of agricultural machinery as a major national project and give special financial support. We will focus on supporting the research and development of basic common technologies in the industry, and support independent-brand agricultural machinery enterprises to improve the ability of high-end product development and industrialization. At the same time, we will support capable independent-brand agricultural machinery enterprises to implement overseas mergers and acquisitions.

Agricultural machinery research and development has a long cycle, if the research on key common technologies is insufficient, it will become a short board that restricts the progress of China's agricultural equipment, and it will be difficult to get rid of the situation that high-end products and core components are controlled by others.

"We emphasize the need to give full play to the main role of independent innovation of enterprises, but at present, the concentration of China's agricultural machinery industry is low, the scale of enterprises is generally small, and enterprise research and development mainly focuses on structural design, so it is difficult to undertake the important task of major agricultural machinery product innovation." Luo Xiwen suggested that the state's support for the development of agricultural mechanization should not be reduced, the pace of scientific and technological innovation in agricultural machinery should be accelerated, and our own agricultural machinery equipment should be used to produce our grain, so that the rice bowl can be more stable.

Li Weiguo, director of the Agricultural Mechanization Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, believes that to promote the development of agricultural mechanization, it is necessary to ensure that farmers "can afford it, use it well, and be effective." "affordability" means to implement the financial subsidy policy and solve the problem of farmers' purchasing power. at the same time, guide enterprises to focus on the development and production of advanced applicable machinery in line with farmers' purchasing power; "good use" is to solve the problems of reliability, adaptability and safety of agricultural machinery, so that farmers can safely use it. "effective" is to cultivate the operation market, strengthen the main body of the market, and, if necessary, be supplemented by fuel subsidies and operation subsidies to improve the economic benefits of users.