What did the farmers get when the leading enterprises came?

Editor's note: in recent years, in the process of developing modern agriculture, various localities have introduced a number of leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization by means of attracting investment and building industrial parks. These enterprises have brought capital, technology, equipment, advanced production models and business ideas, as well as orders and jobs for farmers.

However, in some areas, the interests of enterprises and farmers are not closely linked. How to prevent this from happening? How to protect the interests of farmers in the process of agricultural industrialization? Recently, our reporter went to Shandong, which has a high degree of agricultural industrialization, to visit enterprises and farmers to see how farmers benefit from the industrial chain.

At the end of the year, in the middle of winter, it was supposed to be the idle time of the year. However, in many rural areas of Weifang City, Shandong Province, some farmers are not only not idle, but busy.

This contrast is due to the ascendant trend of agricultural industrialization. A family of agricultural enterprises came into being, like flying fish, constantly chasing the tide and settling down in the countryside. These "outsiders" break the traditional mode of rural and agricultural production and management, and make farmers feel fresh.

However, no matter what the arrival of the enterprise will change, what farmers care about most is: what can they get from the arrival of the enterprise?

You can not only collect rent on the ground, but also work nearby or go out to work.

It is less than two kilometers away from the town government of Yuanyang Town, Changle County, and more than half of the melon and vegetable base covering an area of more than 500 mu has been built.

Liu Mengshun, 55, is busy directing the workers of the construction team. In the northernmost part of the base, there is 2 mu of land that he has cultivated for most of his life. "the land is good, and the harvest is guaranteed by drought and waterlogging, all of which are 'ton grain fields'. In the past, he used to grow some wheat and corn, and his gross income was about 3000 yuan a year, that is, he was not hungry. "

At the beginning, when I heard that an enterprise had come to transfer the land, Liu Mengshun was not vague at all and happily signed the contract. "I'm sure I'm willing to transfer. The rent for 2 mu of land is 2000 yuan a year. I don't have to worry about anything. I settle down to work on construction, and I can earn 2000 yuan a day."

"Lao Liu, you didn't tell the truth. You still had an ambush. Your wife works here, and she still has about 70 yuan a day." Shandong Weisheng Modern Agriculture Co., Ltd. is the operator of this base. General Manager Zhang Guowei became acquainted with Liu Mengshun and had a few words from time to time.

Zhang Guowei estimates that after the base is fully completed, at least 100 people will be employed all the year round. Last year, more than 200 mu were put into production, and when they were busy, they handed out labor expenses of more than 10,000 yuan a day.

In the past, a large number of young and middle-aged workers went out to work, leaving only the elderly, women and children in many rural areas. With the arrival of agricultural enterprises, these left-behind personnel who originally lacked the ability to earn money have found a new way out.

Jun Bukou Town, Weicheng District Dazhai Village villager Jiang Yuxun, although 72 years old this year, but the body is particularly strong. Every day, he rides an electric bike to and from Shandong Yixing Organic vegetable Co., Ltd., four or five miles away.

I go to work at 7:30 in the morning and get off work at 4:30 in the afternoon, with an hour of lunch in between. After eight hours of work a day, Jiang Yuxun can earn 60 yuan. "if you stay at home, you will be very idle and boring. If you come here to do some work, if you are not tired, you can still make money."

Like Liu Mengshun and Jiang Yuxun, many farmers are getting richer because of the arrival of agribusiness. They generally adopt operation modes such as company self-management, "company + peasant household", "company + base + peasant household" and so on, which increase the income of farmers directly or indirectly. Take Weicheng District as an example, there are 12 leading agricultural enterprises, 6300 mu of land transferred, creating more than 5000 jobs, and promoting the per capita net income of farmers to more than 13000 yuan.

"the price of land transfer in Weicheng District is about 1200 yuan to 1300 yuan per mu, which certainly exceeds the income of farmers growing their own grain." Yang Lianjun, director of Weicheng District Agricultural Bureau, said that even if the price of land transfer in some places is not high, the income of farmers will not be low. "if nothing else, after being 'liberated' from the land, farmers can at least go nearby or go out to work."

Farming cannot be done according to the old method, and new "things" are gradually accepted.

In the greenhouse of Weifang Shengyu Fruit and vegetable Professional Cooperative, grape branches grow from flowerpots filled with nutritious soil, and the growth momentum is particularly gratifying. Before long, these branches will take root and become "bonsai grapes", while the mother can continue to bear fruit.

In the words of Wang Yousheng, the person in charge, this is called "a few baskets of one egg," and it doesn't lose money either way: if the price of "bonsai grapes" is high, sell "bonsai grapes"; if "bonsai grapes" don't sell well, they sell ordinary grapes.

The fresh varieties and the new management made the old farmers who had been growing land all their lives in the surrounding villages open their eyes. During this period of time, the cooperative welcomed a lot of visitors, and many wanted to learn the arts.

"it will take us four or five years to figure this out, and the market will have a prospect and let young and old men plant it." Wang Yousheng is not in a hurry about this. "after all, they are all from the villagers, so we can't let everyone suffer."

In the past, a family fought alone, the technology did not rush, the mind could not keep up. A farmer's family has a total of three to five mu of land, and no one dares to experiment with his own harvest in a year. No matter how good the variety is and no matter how good the technology is, there is no successful model for demonstration, and no matter how much effort it takes to push it away.

Jijiazhuang, Qiaoguan Town, Changle County, is located in the ancient volcanic group, and most of the villagers grow wheat and corn. Although millet has been planted in the past, it is scattered and has no scale or brand.

"now it's the other way around. A lot of land is used to grow millet, and the whole village planted more than 30 mu of wheat last year." Xu Zhenxing, secretary of the village party branch, said that there are 200 mu of mountains in the village, which have been transferred to the volcanic modern agricultural demonstration park. "other people farm land with concentrated varieties, high output, and market demand-oriented, which is completely different from the methods of our ordinary people."

Today, "Volcano Xiaomi" has become a signature product of Jijiazhuang and several surrounding villages. On the eve of the Mid-Autumn Festival last year, Xiaomi has just been harvested, and customers who rely on relationships to find ways to come can only buy at a preferential price of 10 yuan per jin. The "volcano millet", which has been delicately packaged on the market, has even been sold for 30 yuan per jin.

Fu Tiancheng, deputy director of the Agricultural Bureau of Changle County, said that agricultural enterprises have not only brought new production and management models, but also have market awareness that farmers lack. "they play a great role in building and promoting brands, and can improve the efficiency of agriculture." promote the construction of agricultural infrastructure.

Recently, there is another local agricultural enterprise in Weifang to negotiate and prepare to transfer 600 mu of land in Jijiazhuang. When the town approves, Xu Zhenxing plans to hold a villagers' meeting to discuss the future development. "the land is transferred to them, but it is still whose land is planted, but it has to be planted in other people's way. only in this way can it be highly efficient."

Can the income last long? I hope you can climb another tall building.

When he first set foot in agriculture, Xu Kun, general manager of Shandong Yixing Organic vegetable Co., Ltd., fell. Radish was planted on more than 300 mu of land, but it was unexpectedly that it was seriously unsalable at harvest. After the final settlement, more than 800,000 yuan was lost at once. Fortunately, Xu Kun changed his way of thinking in time and started facility agriculture, which saved the crisis.

For many agricultural enterprises, the road to agricultural industrialization is not plain sailing. Sometimes when they encounter drought and flood disasters, enterprises suffer heavy losses and are unable to pay farmers' land transfer fees; sometimes the market situation is not good, the efficiency of enterprises is not good, and they are unable to perform the purchase contracts signed with farmers.

In fact, these are also the things that farmers worry about most.

"it's so good now that there is money and work to do, and the common people think that they can be safe and secure, and it's best to go up a little bit in a few years." Liu Fakuang, 50, is a native of Zhaojialing Village, Zhaojialing Town, Yuanyuan Town. "it's just like when I used to do construction, all the work was done, and I didn't know when I was going to get the money. It was a bad feeling."

The government has taken note of the concerns of farmers. Yuan Yongfu, director of the Agriculture and Industry Office of the Weicheng District CPC Committee, has inspected the situation of agricultural enterprises in many places in the past two years, and has also smelled the possible risks.

"Agriculture is a weak industry, with large early investment, long cycle and high risk. Scale and industrialization should be carried out step by step." Yuan Yongfu believes that the best way is to ensure that enterprises operate appropriately. "only with the healthy development of agricultural enterprises can the interests of farmers be guaranteed. For example, what project, how large-scale, we timely communication, analysis of risks, clear policies, to prevent enterprises from blindly greedy for perfection. "

Some farmers are also worried that if agricultural enterprises have transferred the land and want to plant it later, will they not come back? Shandong's approach is to strive to complete the registration and certification of the contracted management rights of rural land in three years, while standardizing the transaction of property rights, so that farmers can be "reassured."

As of October 2014, 57000 villages (communities) in Shandong had completed the registration of land contractual management rights, accounting for 76.5% of the total, and 45000 villages (communities) had issued contractual management rights certificates, accounting for 60% of the total. At the same time, Qingdao, Zaozhuang, Weifang, Zibo and Taian have set up rural property rights trading markets, and 22 counties (cities and districts) have set up county-level trading centers (institutes).

"We have capital and technology, but in any case, the land has to be used by the peasants, and the work has to be done by the peasants." Xu Kun feels that agricultural enterprises and farmers are naturally "tied" together, and the interests of both sides are closely linked. "more mutually beneficial models need to be further explored, such as whether farmers can participate in agribusinesses. Perhaps the most ideal situation is to allow more farmers, especially young farmers, to participate in the process of agricultural industrialization and become a community of interests for each other, rather than just standing by and watching as they are doing now. "