Document No. 1 will guide farmers to buy shares in enterprises with the right of land management.

With the gradual approach of the No. 1 document of the Central Committee in 2015, the pilot project of "farmers taking shares in cooperatives and leading enterprises with land management rights" will be fully supported by "top-down" in 2015.

The reporter recently learned that the policy phrase for the new agricultural management system in document No. 1 of 2015 is "speeding up the construction". Under this goal, we will promote the construction of agricultural industrialization demonstration bases and the transformation and upgrading of leading enterprises, innovate the mode of land circulation and scale operation, and guide farmers to take shares in cooperatives and leading enterprises with the right of land management. Industrial and commercial capital is encouraged to develop farming, processing and circulation of agricultural products and socialized agricultural services suitable for enterprise operation.

"the direction of the right of land management to invest in cooperatives and leading enterprises is in line with the spirit of the third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, but it was only operated at the local level before, and this is the first" top-down "push." A source from the Ministry of Agriculture told reporters, "according to the usual practice, the specific operation document will take action after the first document."

Research says farmers' enthusiasm is not high.

The operation of land management rights as shares in cooperatives and leading enterprises has been carried out in many places throughout the country. In local practice, local governments and enterprises have maintained a high enthusiasm for the ownership of land management rights in the capital. In June 2014, Jinshan District of Shanghai proposed in "some opinions on deepening Agricultural and Rural Reform" that it is necessary to explore a new mode of management of rural land management rights to ensure that farmers can obtain higher and more sustainable benefits from the land.

However, a survey conducted by the Committee of Agriculture of Suzhou City, Anhui Province shows that for the ownership of farmers' land management rights, agricultural enterprises, cooperatives and other industrial management organizations have a strong desire, but farmers' enthusiasm for participation is generally not high.

Li Guoxiang, a researcher at the Institute of Rural Development of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told the Daily Economic News that the ownership of land management rights will help to develop large-scale agricultural production, improve the efficiency of land allocation and use, and benefit farmers in the secondary distribution. However, in many places, farmers are not willing to intervene in this way of becoming shareholders of land management rights.

"although farmers can get dividends in this way, the risks go hand in hand with them." In Li Guoxiang's view, if there are problems with the operation of cooperatives or leading enterprises, farmers will also bear risks according to equity, that is, risk-sharing; while if they simply transfer land to collect rent, farmers will feel much more secure.

Li Guoxiang explained that when enterprises or new operators lease or transfer land, they need to pay rent to farmers first, while the shares of land management rights are paid dividends after making profits. In this way, for cooperatives or leading enterprises, it can save the early capital investment, alleviate the financial pressure, and mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers to participate in industrial management. However, farmers prefer to have a guaranteed land rental income rather than a stock dividend which is difficult to determine under the market risk.

To be driven by policy

The reporter learned that under the role of multiple operation problems, the right to invest in land management is in the window period of "still need policy pull".

"Land management rights have emerged in many places, mostly in developed areas and places with" capable people ", but the proportion is not large at present. According to our survey, there are still multiple operational problems. " Li Guoxiang told reporters: "first of all, as far as this' joint-stock company'is concerned, since it wants to operate, it requires higher management ability, but there are not many farmers and village cadres with market acumen and management quality; second, how to operate after joining the stock, whether to operate directly, transfer out, or recruit CEO? The opinions of farmers who buy shares are easy to differ, and it is difficult to unify; finally, the strength of leading enterprises is very strong, and farmers' land management rights actually account for only a very small proportion. For this kind of enterprises, shareholding and management is a relatively troublesome thing. "

In the experiment in Jinshan District, Shanghai, due to the participation of leading enterprises with high investment and high income in Langxia Town, it is more difficult to determine the proportion of farmers' land management rights, while another pilot town of Zhangyan adopts the model of collective farm. All income belongs to farmers and is operated according to one mu as one share, so it is easier to be accepted by farmers.

A survey conducted by the Agricultural Committee of Suzhou City, Anhui Province shows that the current price of land transfer is relatively high, and most local farmers are unwilling to participate in the joint-stock cooperative system of benefit-sharing and risk-sharing with their land management rights, but are only willing to participate in the form of leasing with relatively small market risks. some grass-roots cadres also have no clear concept of rural land ownership. In the face of leading enterprises, cooperatives and other large-scale operators, farmers have a strong sense of weakness, feel asymmetric information, do not feel secure in the heart of shares, and would rather have less income.

From the perspective of land use, Tan Ming, engineer of the Land renovation Center of the Ministry of Land and Resources, believes that the shareholding of agricultural land involves agricultural management, village governance, benefit distribution, and other issues, if we simply start with solving the problem of agricultural management, it is bound to leave hidden dangers. Once the value of land is no longer limited to agricultural production, all kinds of collective interest disputes will emerge one after another.

In this regard, the above-mentioned Ministry of Agriculture personage holds a more optimistic attitude, he said, "the role of the policy is to guide the land management right to invest in cooperatives and leading enterprises, but after each policy is issued, there will be a certain buffer period and adaptation period. Its implementation must be of many types. Driven by the market, how to optimize the use of land management rights?" We should believe that farmers and enterprises will certainly make the choice that is most in line with their own interests.