"Grain discount" encounters challenges. Can land circulation win in many ways?

In the rural land transfer, the "grain discount" mode is generally adopted. after the villagers transfer the land, the land rent is obtained by how many jin of rice per mu is converted to the market price. The reporter found in the front-line survey in the rural areas of Sichuan that some villagers are not satisfied with this model. Sichuan has explored various forms of interest connection, such as land ownership, quarterly sharing, and renting back, to solve the problem of benefit sharing between villagers and operators.

"Grain discount" Land transfer encounters challenges

In rural Sichuan, the price of land transfer is generally converted according to the market price of 400 jin to 1000 jin of rice per mu per year. However, this model began to be boycotted by some villagers, and in some places there were even opposites between villagers and owners.

In April 2014, in Jinhua Town, Shehong County, Suining City, a large number of villagers had a dispute with Junyuan Agricultural Co., Ltd., which grows mixed oranges. Villagers said that in the case of increasing benefits of mandarins year after year, the cost of land transfer is very low. "for a long time, the grain discount on an acre of land was only about 400 yuan, which was too little." Du Zhikai, a villager, told reporters that if the rent was not raised, the villagers would not lease land to the company. During that period, stealing fruit, stealing trees and even cutting down trees and destroying land occurred from time to time.

Some villagers believe that they should share the fruits of agricultural development with landlords instead of simply collecting land rents. Otherwise, we would rather keep the land in our hands than transfer it. In Zitong County, Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, the villagers of Yingchun Village in Xianfeng Township have successively rejected the land transfer plans of nearly 20 agricultural companies. Villager Wang Dingqiu said that all visiting enterprises have a great "appetite": they want to buy more than 2000 mu of land in the village in one breath, and transfer the land only in the form of rent. According to a survey in the village, only a small number of villagers whose families went out to work accepted it. "people have a lot of worries and have been unable to reach an agreement." Wang Dingqiu said.

Some agricultural experts say that by simply adopting the grain discount model, the villagers get the land income under the traditional agricultural form, and lose the support of land, employment and social security for the development of modern agriculture. Even if the villagers work on the land, they are still in the minority.

"connection of interests" to achieve win-win situation

The reporter's survey found that the rural areas of Sichuan are gradually forming various forms of interest connection, such as land shareholding, land sharing in different seasons, and renting and refinancing, which are welcomed by the villagers. Experts believe that a reasonable and perfect interest linkage mechanism can not only enable villagers to share the fruits of modern agricultural development, but also make the development environment of owners more stable.

Junyuan Agricultural Co., Ltd. transferred 3000 mu of land to more than 900 local villagers. after April 2014, the villagers bought shares with the right of land management, and the company was responsible for production management and operation. Ni Dequan, production director of Junyuan Agricultural Co., Ltd., said that after villagers buy shares according to the transferred land, they get 25% of the income according to the output value of the land area, the company accounts for 74%, and the land transfer cooperatives based on the village collective account for 1%. Regardless of the benefits of the company, villagers will receive a guaranteed income of 600 yuan per mu of land every year. Villager du Zhikai said that he transferred 6 mu of land to the company, with a minimum output value of 40, 000 yuan, and he had an income of 10, 000 yuan, about 7000 yuan more than simple land transfer. "now we are all conscious of forest protection, and we are afraid of which link will go wrong, unlike in the past, we are indifferent to the circulation of land."

The reporter investigated and learned that increasing farmers' income in the form of shareholding is also one of the important contents of Sichuan's pilot project to increase farmers' property income. In Chongzhou City, Sichuan Province, the establishment of a land joint-stock cooperative is explored. The villagers convert the land contractual management rights into the cooperative, and the land is handed over to the cooperative council for unified production management. Each member only needs to pay the production cost according to the area of the shares. At the end of the production quarter, it will be distributed according to the shares. Guo Fei, director of the Sichuan Agricultural Development Office, said that with the promotion of rural reform, Sichuan has also quantified financial subsidy funds into shares to farmers, who participate in enterprises in the form of preferred shares through cooperatives, and farmers pay dividends according to shares.

In addition, there is also a mode of "quarterly sharing" and "repayment" of land between owners and farmers in Sichuan. Yang Xuguang, director of the Jiangyou City Agricultural Office, said that in the agricultural park in Xin'an Town, Jiangyou City, the owners only grow Morchella for one season on the transferred land, and villagers can still grow vegetables in the rest of the season.

"risk prevention" makes the interest community closer.

The reporter found that with the issuance of land rights, some villagers began to realize that land is not only a guarantee of survival, but also an important way to obtain income. With the exploration and practice of various interest linkage mechanisms, risk prevention and control also need to be paid attention to.

The interest connection of land shareholding is more popular at present, but this is not the shareholding system in the real sense. According to the law of the market, villagers' land shares should not only share interests, but also share responsibilities. However, this is not the case in most rural areas. after the villagers buy shares, no matter whether the owners are good or bad, they all have guaranteed income, and all the risks are on the main body of the business. "once the boss' runs away', it will leave a mess, which requires vigilance." Yang Xuguang said.

Zhang Nengkun, comprehensive director of the Sichuan Provincial Committee of Agriculture and Industry, said that in terms of risk prevention and control, consideration can be given to collecting land transfer deposit and land reclamation fund. The specific proportion needs to be negotiated between the owners and the villagers, and the local government and financial departments also need to conduct research. Based on the principle of not harming the interests of the villagers, let the emerging new types of interest links embark on the road of sustainable development.

Some agricultural cadres predict that in the new round of rural reform, the way of connecting interests with land as the core will continue to appear, and the elements of the rural market economy will become more active, followed by an increase in a large number of disputes. It is suggested that the publicity and popularization of the concept of legal system in rural areas should be strengthened and disputes should be resolved through the rule of law.