How rural cooperatives participate in land transfer

Land is inseparable from the real economy in rural areas. Now that the land is scattered in the hands of small farmers, how to centralize it to engage in large-scale operation? If you do not have a scale in your production and operation projects, it is also difficult to achieve benefits. If you want to have a scale, you have to concentrate the land from the farmers. Our present system has encountered a problem, that is, you want to lease land, we now call land transfer, land transfer is actually land lease, you have to pay government rent.

My view on this issue is that it is necessary to engage in the real economy and product production. But I don't quite approve of large-scale operation in the form of land lease. Why? You use the method of land lease. at present, in Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shaanxi and other places, the general lease of land is 8 to 1000 jin of wheat. These places are generally two seasons a year, the annual output of the two seasons is about 1500 jin, and the weather should be favorable to 2000 jin. Of these 1500 jin of output, 1000 jin or 800 jin of wheat pays the land rent, which is even higher than when the Kuomintang led the land reform, and they stipulated that the land rent should not exceed 37.5% of the peasants' output. If the current land rent exceeds 50% of the grain output, it will be almost the same as before Chiang Kai-shek led the land reform, and it is too high. Our peasant co-operatives lead the peasants to increase their income and become rich. as a result, we have to pay land rent to the peasants who lease the land, the peasants become landlords and the co-operatives become exploited, so such a relationship of production is not possible.

Now some cooperatives are starting to find another way to deal with this problem. For example, one co-operative has set up a model of marsh, rice and Loach. The ecological three-dimensional agricultural cycle model is of course very good, and if you do it well, there will be no problem. But I saw in the location of the cooperative, not only you are raising Loach, there is a company they have more than 1,000 mu of land also raise Loach, if there are more Loach, sales are limited, the price will come down. At that time, how can you produce benefits to pay land rent, pay wages and so on, which is a big problem for operators. It is certainly not possible to engage in grain alone, but if you do not engage in grain and other business projects, once you make money, the farmers will follow, and when the output increases, the price will fall, and at this time the land rent will certainly remain the same, so the business risk will be great. Therefore, in my opinion, we must be very cautious on this issue.

On the other hand, another cooperative built a greenhouse and rented it back to the farmers, so you don't have to pay your wages. I have visited some enterprises to engage in agricultural production and operation projects and hire farmers to pay wages, so basically they all fail, and the possibility of failure is too small, but this co-operative has solved this problem and does not have to pay wages. I think that on the issue of land, we should engage in entrusted management, that is, small farmers who do not have the ability to operate can entrust their land to co-operatives. That is to say, some peasant households do not have a labour force or do not want to suffer that hardship, so they might as well work outside and entrust their land to the co-operatives. At the autumn harvest, you will supervise the output, and then we will take a share. For example, when the farmers used to manage 600 jin of wheat per mu, the co-operatives achieved 1000 jin, which not only ensured the benefit of the farmers, but also gave them an extra 200 jin. In this way, there will be 200 jin more for the peasants and 200 jin for the co-operatives, which will produce benefits. Therefore, in land management, we should make use of the organizational structure of the collective economy left over from our people's communes in the past to carry out land circulation. The villagers' group or the production team will concentrate and transfer the land to me. What if there are individual mischievous farmers who do not want to transfer? like this cooperative, they carry out land consolidation with the support of the party committee and government, and turn all the land into farmland guaranteed by drought and waterlogging. Individual farmers are unwilling to pull aside with me, and the quality of the land is not bad. They are willing to put the land in, and they can join it after others have achieved good benefits in the future.

Therefore, in my opinion, we should be cautious on the issue of land lease. In my opinion, it is the policy of turning peasant households into small landlords and reviving the landlords in terms of system, which is not conducive to the development of modern agriculture. Therefore, I think that the determination of the right of land and the transfer of land by paying land rent is a mistake in the direction. Even when Japan carried out land reform at that time, it negated the landlords, and this decision was confirmed by facts through decades of practice. It is correct. In my opinion, when co-operatives engage in production and operation projects other than co-operative credit, they should adhere to the basic economic principle of opposing landlord exploitation.