The weather of large-scale cooling and precipitation in winter wheat area is beneficial to the safety of winter wheat.

Affected by strong cold air, since January 24, the largest cooling rain and snow weather process has occurred in the central and eastern part of China since the beginning of winter. The process of cooling and precipitation is beneficial to increase soil moisture in winter wheat area, alleviate the lack of surface soil moisture in some wheat fields, enhance the cold resistance of winter wheat, and is very beneficial to the safe overwintering and green growth of winter wheat.

The main characteristics of the weather process of cooling and precipitation are as follows:

First, the cooling range is relatively large. According to meteorological monitoring and agricultural dispatching, the temperature in most parts of China has dropped by 40.8 ℃, and the cooling range in most winter wheat areas is 6-8 ℃, among which the cooling range in the western part of Huang-Huai River and the eastern part of Jiangnan is more than 10 ℃.

Second, there is a wide range of rain and snow. Rain and snow occurred in the eastern part of Northwest China, the western part of North China, Huang-Huai, Jianghuai, Jianghan, Jianghan and the eastern part of southwest China. Among them, the accumulated precipitation in the eastern part of Northwest China, North China, Huang-Huai and other places is 1-10 mm, 10-25 mm in some areas, and 10-25 mm in parts of the Jianghuai River and Han River.

Third, snow has fallen in most of the winter wheat area. Light to moderate snow and local heavy to blizzard weather occurred in the eastern part of the northwest, the southwest of North China, the west of Huang-Huai, the north of Jianghan and the north of the Yangtze-Huaihe River, with snow depth of 10-20 cm in some areas. Heavy snow of more than 5mm occurred in south-central Henan, and blizzard of more than 10mm occurred in parts of southern Henan. More than 5 millimeters of snow occurred in Linfen, Shanxi Province. Hubei Shiyan, Xiangyang and other places such as snow depth of 5-10 cm. Snow has occurred in 40 cities and counties north of the Yangtze River in Anhui.

Fourth, it lasts for a long time. This round of large-scale cooling rain and snow began on January 24 and will end in early February. It is expected that there will be heavy snow and local blizzard in southeastern Henan, central-eastern Hubei, central Anhui, southwestern Jiangsu and other areas from 29 to 30. After the 30th, the snowfall area southward pressure and weakened, mainly light to moderate rain and snow. From February 6 to 9, there will be another cooling process of rain, snow and strong winds in central and eastern China, after which the precipitation will stop and the temperature will rise again.

According to the reflection of the main wheat producing areas and expert analysis, at present, winter wheat is in the overwintering period, and the weather process of cooling and precipitation is very beneficial to the production of winter wheat.

First, the surface moisture in the wheat field has been improved. Since December, there has been no effective precipitation in most winter wheat areas for 50 consecutive days, and the temperature is 1-2 ℃ higher, resulting in accelerated soil moisture loss in some wheat fields and drought outcrops. The rain and snow weather basically covered the hills and mountains of central Shandong, the Middle East of Hebei, the north and southwest of Henan, Weibei and the north of Weinan, and the south of Shanxi, which appeared in the early stage, and effectively replenished the soil moisture. Professor Guo Tiancai, deputy head of the wheat expert guidance group of the Ministry of Agriculture, said that there was no rain or snow in the winter wheat area for a long time, and the underlying soil moisture of winter wheat was good, but the surface moisture was insufficient. This time, the rain and snow in front of the Beginning of Spring can be described as timely rain, effectively replenished the surface soil moisture, settled the soil, reduced evaporation, and alleviated the drought.

Second, it is conducive to wheat safe overwintering and green growth. Since the beginning of winter, the temperature is generally on the high side, and some early sowing wheat has grown vigorously. The weather of cooling and precipitation is beneficial to control the growth and promote the strength of wheat, and enhance the cold resistance and anti-freezing ability of wheat. Professor Ma Chuanxi of Anhui Agricultural University said that snow covers the wheat field and melts slowly, which is not only conducive to making full use of water, but also training the cold resistance of wheat, which is not only conducive to wheat's safe overwintering, but also conducive to dealing with the "late spring cold" in spring.

The third is to reduce the base of diseases and insects. According to local reports, the temperature since the beginning of winter is generally on the high side, and diseases and pests occur early and have a large base in some areas. the cooling rain and snow has killed the pathogens of overwintering crops, insect eggs and underground pests, effectively reduced the base of diseases and pests, and reduced the risk of spring outbreaks.

According to local reports, the weather process of cooling and precipitation has also made some open-field vegetables buried and frozen by heavy snow, some greenhouses, greenhouses and other facilities have been collapsed and damaged, and rape, which appeared early moss and early flowering earlier in local sowing and transplanting, has been frozen. Hubei Province reported that 260000 mu of vegetables, rape, tea and other crops in the province were frozen. In addition, the rain and snow weather also caused some road transport obstacles, affecting the transport of vegetables and other fresh agricultural products.

At present, less than a week from the Beginning of Spring, the large-scale cooling and precipitation weather will continue. According to the forecast of meteorology and hydrology, the temperature is higher and the precipitation is less in most of the winter wheat area in early February. Severe spring drought may occur in some areas of the northern winter wheat region in spring. Division I will pay close attention to weather changes, early arrangements, effective response, to promote the smooth development of spring ploughing production, to win the initiative to win a bumper harvest of summer grain.

First, strengthen monitoring and early warning. We will continue to strengthen the tracking and monitoring of cooling and precipitation weather, increase the scheduling of rain and snow, soil moisture and disasters, analyze the impact of research and judgment in a timely manner, issue early warning information in a timely manner, and guide various localities to implement disaster prevention and mitigation measures.

Second, early mobilization and deployment. On February 5, our ministry will hold a national video conference on spring field management and spring ploughing to mobilize and deploy spring field management and spring ploughing, and quickly set off an upsurge of spring field management and spring ploughing.

The third is to do a good job of classified guidance. On the basis of going deep into the main producing areas to carry out soil moisture and seedling investigation, experts will formulate technical guidance for field management in spring by region, crop and disaster species, classify guidance, and implement technical measures for disaster prevention and reduction according to local conditions.

The fourth is to strengthen work supervision. According to the growth of overwintering crops and the actual occurrence of disasters, timely organize a work supervision team to go deep into the main producing areas and hardest-hit areas, and promote the implementation of various field management measures.