Homestead withdraws from the pilot project and the whole country quietly pushes it away.

It is learned from authoritative channels that the pilot work of the rural homestead withdrawal mechanism has been launched in a low profile, and the pilot project will be carried out in some counties and rural areas where the homestead vacancy rate is not less than 8% nationwide.

Unlike most of the previous pilot projects carried out in individual developed provinces, this pilot project will be carried out nationwide. In principle, 33 provinces and cities have pilot village places, and the determination of village pilot projects needs to be jointly examined by the Ministry of Land and Resources, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Agriculture, and the Central Bank.

This "new land reform" is led by the Central Deep Reform Group, and the top-level system designers internally define it as "a macro land reform with no experience and no precedent".

The upcoming document No. 1 of the CPC Central Committee in 2015 also echoes the pilot project of "new land reform". Some people in the industry believe that the No. 1 document of the Central Committee in 2015 will focus on the reform of the rural collective property rights system, the reform of the rural land system, and the construction of rural agricultural modernization. "the marketization of the homestead system is a basic preparation for agricultural modernization."

Before this pilot, the main exit means of homestead is through the link between the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land (the right to the use of idle homestead is withdrawn in a market-oriented and monetized way, but the ownership remains unchanged. To achieve the withdrawal of homestead indicators into urban construction land indicators). A reporter from the Economic Observer learned that the pilot will replace the above-mentioned "link between increase and decrease" measures.

Previous pilot areas, such as Jianxin Village, Gexianshan Town in Chengdu and Dongli District in Tianjin, need to submit an application to the Ministry of Land and Resources and obtain authorization to obtain the pilot qualification.

It is understood that the specific path of this pilot is: to investigate the vacancy rate of homestead-- farmers voluntarily withdraw from homestead-- to compensate homestead funds to farmers (the compensation price is linked to the average housing price of local commercial housing)-- to withdraw from homestead into collective management construction land-- collective management construction land into the market.

Over a period of two and a half years, the pilot will try to build innovation mechanisms in the following areas:

First, allow the remaining homestead to enter the market, the specific content is that villagers in the pilot areas can keep the nature of the homestead unchanged for their own use, and collective economic organizations can also buy back the original homestead into commercial construction land, enter the market in accordance with relevant policies and procedures. In other words, the surplus homestead in rural areas is first "transformed" into "collective construction land", and one of the highlights of the new land reform is to promote the circulation of collective construction land (that is, "agricultural land into the market").

Second, agricultural land enters the market in accordance with the principle of "stock first, incremental supplement". The principle of collective management construction land is not arranged in the village, and the increment of collective management construction land is not strictly restricted, which will bring great economic vitality to the countryside.

Third, rural collectives list collective construction land in the land exchange market in accordance with relevant policies and procedures.

It is worth noting that the pilot mechanism of homestead entry into the market, the selection criteria are in county rural areas, while prefecture-level cities (and above) rural areas, urban villages and urban border villages are not within the scope of the pilot. "if such pilot work is carried out in urban villages and urban border villages, it will inevitably lead to the legal conversion of small property rights houses (public data show that 70% of small property rights houses are concentrated in urban villages and urban border villages), so choose to pilot in remote areas to control the risk to the lowest point." An official from the Ministry of Land and Resources told the Economic Observer. The Land Management Law has always forbidden urban residents to purchase homestead in rural areas, and the right subject of the right to the use of homestead is the internal members of the collective economic organization. According to the explanation of Chen Xiwen, director of the Office of the Central Rural work leading Group: it is a legal concept, and the legal concept is the principle of its own use, emphasizing residential attributes rather than market attributes.

However, with the economic development, farmers go to cities to work, and a large number of homestead in rural areas are idle. According to a report released in March 2012 by the Institute of Geography and Resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the idle area of village land caused by factors such as abandoned rural residential land has reached more than 100 million mu, accounting for 1/18 of the country's total arable land. At present, 15% of China's rural residential land is idle, and the idle rate of some rural residential land in Zhejiang Province is as high as 60%.

Cai Jiming, deputy to the National people's Congress and director of the political economy Research Center of Tsinghua University, said: "China is in the process of industrialization and urbanization, and land has become a scarce resource. According to the current law of our country, villagers can neither sell nor transfer collective land, and they lack independent control over the conversion of agricultural land and bargaining power in the process of land expropriation, thus ruling out the possibility for farmers to share the dividend of industrialization and urbanization. therefore, homestead and agricultural land must be allowed to enter the market, otherwise farmers will always be farmers.