The policy of strengthening forest and benefiting farmers to make the forest industry bigger and stronger

_Fourth of a series of reports on the effectiveness of collective forest right system reform

As an important and profound reform, the forest reform has carried out supporting reforms, issued relevant policies and measures, established modern forestry property rights system, accelerated the flow of production factors such as funds to rural areas, and became the booster and accelerator of forestry industry and ecological economy development while completing the main reform task of clarifying property rights and contracting to households.

A number of breakthroughs have been achieved in the policy of strengthening forests and benefiting forests

In recent years, the central government and all localities have attached great importance to promoting forestry development through forest right reform, and have successively issued a series of policies and measures. The policy of strengthening forests and benefiting forests has achieved many breakthroughs:

The public finance system supporting forestry development has been further improved. Forest management was included in the central budget for the first time, and the central finance allocated 500 million yuan to carry out pilot subsidies for young and middle-aged forests of 5 million mu. The afforestation subsidy standard was raised from 100 yuan per mu to 200 yuan per mu. The compensation standard for ecological benefits has been further improved. The compensation standard for national public welfare forests has been raised from 5 yuan per mu to 10 yuan per year, and Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangsu, Hubei, Beijing and other provinces and cities have been raised to 15-60 yuan.

Forestry financial policy has made a major breakthrough. The insurance amount and premium rate of policy-oriented forest insurance are set according to the principle of "low premium, low cost and wide coverage". We will promote mortgage loans for forest rights, increase forestry credit, improve the policy of fiscal discount for forestry loans, and effectively solve the "bottleneck" of insufficient forestry production funds. All localities promote forestry small-amount discount loans, actively explore various loan modes such as financial institutions + guarantee companies + forest households, financial institutions + leading enterprises + forest households, forest farmers 'co-insurance loans, etc., and increase financing channels for forestry operators.

Forestry tax and fee policies have been significantly adjusted. The collection ratio of afforestation fund has been reduced from 20% to no more than 10%, thus reducing the burden on forestry producers and managers.

Opinions on collective forest harvesting management, the development of farmers 'forestry cooperatives and the management of collective forest rights circulation have been issued, the forest harvesting management mechanism has been improved, and the management of commercial forest harvesting quotas has been reformed.

Policies and measures for the development of forestry industry have been introduced. It promulgated the forestry industry revitalization plan and the oil tea industry development plan, and identified and accelerated the development of 10 forestry pillar industries such as wood processing, wood pulp and paper making, forest chemical industry and forestry biomass energy.

Ecological capital leads a large amount of funds into forestry

Driven by the central and local forestry investment and financing policies, forestry investment has increased substantially. In 2009 alone, the central forestry input reached 69.17 billion yuan, an increase of 13.9%, another record high. Forestry loans from various financial institutions reached 24 billion yuan, 16 billion yuan of forestry discount loans and 650 million yuan of discount funds from the central government were implemented.

Forest ownership certificate enters market transaction. Forestland trees are circulated as assets and used as mortgage loans for financing, realizing the transformation of forests from "living resources" to "living funds". At present, more than 480 forest right management and trading service agencies have been established nationwide, with 72.7 million mu of collective forest circulation area, 19.2 billion yuan of circulation amount, 22.6 million mu of forest right mortgage area and 13.2 billion yuan of loans obtained.

The implementation of forest insurance policy weaves a risk prevention net for forest farmers to develop forestry. At present, the national forest insurance area is 177 million mu, with an insurance amount of 82 billion yuan.

With the deepening of forest reform, farmers creatively started capital management, revitalized forest resources assets, took their own mountain forests as capital and enterprises, and attracted enterprises to participate in forestry. At the same time, financial institutions have begun to pay attention to forestry and invest a lot of money in forestry.

Forestry Industry Strides Forward to Large-scale Intensification

The optimized allocation of production factors such as capital, technology and labor force has solved the problem of shortage of funds for forestry development, promoted large-scale forestry and intensive industrial management, injected new vitality into the development of a number of pillar industries such as forest cultivation, breeding and seedling raising, forest tourism, economic forest fruit, bamboo vine flowers, etc., and promoted the rapid development of forestry industry, processing industry, transportation industry, breeding industry and other related industries.

Ningshan County, Shaanxi Province guides farmers to vigorously develop forestry industry dominated by "one fungus and three gardens"(edible fungus garden, chestnut garden, walnut garden and medicinal herb garden), under-forest characteristic breeding industry dominated by Polyporus umbellatus and Gastrodia elata cultivation and under-forest native chicken breeding, and ecological tourism dominated by mountain landscape resources development, so as to revitalize forests and enrich people. The county has developed more than 15 million bags of edible fungi, grafted 2.1 million chestnut plants, built more than 15,000 mu of walnut gardens, mulberry gardens and medicinal herbs gardens, and developed more than 100 farmhouses.

Linzhang County in Hebei Province has formulated preferential policies to support wood processing industry, and forest processing has gradually become a new leading industry in local economic development.