New ideas are needed in the Development and Transformation of China's Agriculture

Since the 16th CPC National Congress, the CPC Central Committee has always put solving the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers at the top of the party's work, issued 12 central "No. 1 documents" with the theme of agriculture, rural areas and farmers in succession, and implemented a series of unprecedented policies of strengthening agriculture, benefiting farmers and rich peasants. Major reform measures such as abolishing agricultural taxes, implementing direct subsidies to farmers, reforming the grain circulation system, the collective forest right system, and the rural financial system, and promoting the overall development of urban and rural areas have greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of the peasant masses. the appearance of agriculture and rural areas has been greatly improved. In terms of increasing grain production, grain output has maintained a sustained growth for more than a decade, which is very rare in the history of China and the world. In terms of increasing farmers' income, farmers' income has maintained a relatively rapid growth for 11 consecutive years, with an average annual increase of more than 650 yuan, and the increase of farmers' income has been higher than that of urban residents for five years. These achievements show that the situation of China's agricultural and rural development continues to improve, and the party's rural policy has won the support of the peasant masses. The increase of farmers' income, the increase of grain production, the development of rural infrastructure and social undertakings have entered the fastest period in history.

At present, China's agriculture is entering a new development stage and is facing a new development situation. First, the import volume of major agricultural products continues to grow. Despite the continuous increase in the production of major domestic agricultural products, the variety and quantity of imported agricultural products are increasing, with grain imports exceeding 84 million tons for the first time in 2013, while various grain exports are only 2.43 million tons. Second, the international competitiveness of agricultural prices has declined. New changes are taking place in the prices of agricultural products at home and abroad, and the domestic prices of most major agricultural products have exceeded the international market prices, which has become an important reason for the continuous growth of China's agricultural products imports. Third, the influence of WTO rules on agriculture is deepened. At the beginning of China's accession to the WTO, China promised import tariff quotas for some important agricultural products, which provided an important guarantee for the stable development of China's agriculture after China's entry into WTO. However, as the prices of domestic agricultural products continue to rise and break through the prices of agricultural products in the international market, the high tariff barriers outside quotas may be broken step by step, once the prices of domestic agricultural products reach the "ceiling" of high tariffs. International agricultural products will also enter the domestic market on a larger scale, which will affect the development of China's agricultural industry, farmers' employment, food security and economic security. Fourth, profound changes have taken place in rural economic and social development. In the process of industrialization and urbanization, a large number of rural labor force has been transferred to cities and towns, but since 2010, the growth rate of the number of migrant workers has been declining, and the growth rate of wage income of migrant workers is also declining. it shows that the macro-economic trend and the changes of urban secondary and tertiary industrial structure have a significant impact on farmers' transfer of employment, and how will this situation change in the future? What impact it will have on rural economic and social development needs further research. Fifth, the agricultural income of farmers is challenged. At present, the input cost of agriculture is increasing rapidly, and it is becoming more and more difficult for farmers to increase their income through grain production and management. farmers' income structure has also changed obviously. in 2013, the per capita net income of farmers exceeded the household operating income for the first time, while the proportion of planting income to farmers' per capita net income was less than 1/4. It is becoming more and more difficult to mobilize farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain by policy means.

Based on this new situation and new changes, China's agricultural development is facing a series of unprecedented challenges: first, it is facing the pressure of international and domestic agricultural product prices upside down. On the one hand, the prices of major domestic agricultural products are higher than those on the international market; on the other hand, farmers are not satisfied with the current prices of agricultural products. However, if we further raise the prices of domestic agricultural products, it means that China will further open the door to the international market and form new pressure on the development of domestic agriculture. Second, it is facing the challenge of rising agricultural production costs. At present, the cost of agricultural production in China is rising rapidly, especially the average annual growth rate of expenditure on productive services is 8%-9%, which is a great driving force for the rise in the cost of agricultural products. Third, the agricultural support and protection system is facing new challenges. According to the negotiation promise at the beginning of China's accession to the WTO, the subsidy standard for China's agricultural micro-license is 8.5%. At present, the subsidies for some important agricultural products have reached or exceeded this standard. How to withstand the pressure of developed countries to speed up the opening of China's agricultural product market, further strengthen the support and protection of agriculture, and continue to maintain the growth trend of agricultural input in the face of slowing economic growth? It has become an urgent problem to be solved. Fourth, the agricultural ecological environment is difficult to bear the current mode of agricultural production, and the challenges and pressures we are facing are unprecedented. Fifth, the agricultural science and technology strength is not strong. Although China is at the forefront of the world in some fields such as hybrid rice breeding, it still lags behind developed countries in more fields of agricultural scientific research and the application of agricultural science and technology. If this situation is not changed, it is very difficult to change the situation that China's agriculture is passive in the world. Sixth, the degree of organization and marketization of agricultural production is relatively low, and it is still faced with many practical difficulties and problems.

China is the most populous country in the world, and it is also a country with a weak agricultural foundation, which determines the difficulty of building modern agriculture in China. General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly pointed out: "it must be noted that agriculture is still a short leg for the synchronization of the four modernizations, and rural areas are still a deficiency for building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way." If China wants to be strong, agriculture must be strong; if China wants to be beautiful, the countryside must be beautiful; if China wants to be rich, farmers must be rich. " During his inspection and research in Fujian not long ago, he stressed that "building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way should not lose the rural area" and made it clear that "efforts should be made to tap new potential in improving grain production capacity, to open up new ways to optimize agricultural structure, to seek new breakthroughs in changing the mode of agricultural development, to achieve new results in increasing farmers' income, and to take new steps in building a new countryside." This is the overall requirement of rural reform and development for some time to come.

Speeding up the process of China's agricultural modernization is a major issue of the times. The transformation of agricultural development in a populous country under the constraints of resources and environment requires new strategic ideas and strategic measures. Researcher Chen Wensheng's book on the Transformation of Agriculture in large countries brings the transformation of China's agricultural development into the general pattern of building a "two-oriented society" and promoting the coordinated development of industrialization, informationization, urbanization and agricultural modernization. highlight Chinese characteristics and the "two types" main line, focus on the multiple objectives, endogenous power, ways of realization, support system and other issues of transforming China's agricultural development mode under the constraints of resources and environment. To explore the effective ways to accelerate the transformation of the utilization mode of resource elements, the transformation of agricultural production system guided by "two-oriented" agriculture, the transformation of agricultural socialized service system with rural informatization as a breakthrough, and agricultural system innovation as the engine. To form a theoretical framework for changing the mode of agricultural development in the construction of a "two-oriented" society with "two-oriented" agriculture as the strategic orientation, scientific and technological innovation as the first driving force, rural informatization as a breakthrough and agricultural system innovation as a guarantee, it is a theoretical research achievement formed on the basis of in-depth grasp of the frontier changes and the requirements of the times of modern agricultural development at home and abroad. The book puts forward a lot of theoretical and innovative viewpoints, which will provide useful enlightenment for people from all walks of life who are engaged in and concerned about China's agricultural development.