A probe into the Reform of the two key Household Registration Systems in the New urbanization

At present, the concept of new urbanization has not been uniformly defined in academic circles, but different scholars have a similar understanding of its connotation: new urbanization is urbanization characterized by overall planning of urban and rural areas, integration of urban and rural areas, interaction between production and cities, economy and intensification, ecological livability and harmonious development. it is the urbanization of coordinated development and mutual promotion of large, small and medium-sized cities, small towns and new rural communities. The new type of urbanization is a key link in China's economic and social development, an important engine to maintain sustained and healthy economic development, and an important way to solve the problem of agricultural and rural farmers. Urbanization is the product of economic development to a certain stage, and labor and capital are the two most basic elements in economic development, so these two aspects are very important in the process of promoting a new type of urbanization in an all-round way. that is, human urbanization and capital raising in the process of urbanization.

The citizenization of agricultural transfer population is the key to promote the new type of urbanization, the so-called urbanization, also known as citizenization, that is, to achieve the transfer of rural population to the city, and integrate into the city in the mode of production and way of life, and become real citizens. During the more than 30 years of reform and opening up, the urbanization rate of the resident population has reached 53.7%. However, the urbanization rate of household registered population is only about 36%, and spatial urbanization does not produce population urbanization accordingly. There are 260 million migrant workers in China, and the issue of household registration prevents them from enjoying the fruits of urbanization, which is still a far cry from the requirements of real urbanization.

Exploration on the Reform of Household Registration system

Chongqing integrates big cities, large rural areas, large reservoir areas, large mountainous areas and ethnic areas in one, with the system of municipalities directly under the Central Government, the scale of medium provinces, the outstanding dual structure, and the city situation is very special. Therefore, the special market situation of Chongqing is not only the epitome of the complex situation in various regions of China, but also has its unique regional characteristics in its exploration of household registration system reform. It is worth analyzing and using for reference.

Since the reform of household registration system was launched in 2010, Chongqing has focused on five principles. The first is to define the object. Mainly migrant workers who have stable employment in cities and towns and have fixed accommodation. Second, the guarantee is in place. After the transfer of migrant workers, employment, pension, health care, education, housing "five clothes" in one step, enjoy the same treatment for urban residents. Third, rural rights and interests should be disposed of independently. At the beginning of household transfer, migrant workers are not stable in the city. in order to protect their rights and interests, they should respect their wishes and allow them to retain rural contracted land, homestead and woodland ("three pieces of clothes"). And in the system design to provide reservation, circulation, withdrawal and other options. Fourth, rational distribution. Through the scientific setting of settlement conditions, we will guide the distribution of transferred residents in large cities, districts, counties, and small towns according to the proportion of 4:3:3, so as not only to avoid excessive concentration of population to big cities, but also to prevent the employment and social management of small towns from becoming overburdened. The fifth is to establish a long-term cost-sharing mechanism among the government, enterprises and society. It is estimated that the per capita cost of the transfer of migrant workers is more than 100000 yuan. in fact, the reform cost is not borne by the government alone. 40% of the social security gap will be filled by enterprises, 30% will be borne by the transferred residents, and only 30% will be invested in infrastructure and public facilities that need to be supported by the government. At the same time, the transfer of farmers' households and the corresponding costs are not completed at one time, but a long-term process, and the annual cost can be borne. Since Chongqing launched the reform of the household registration system of migrant workers in 2010, a total of more than 3.8 million people have been transferred, which has made remarkable achievements in promoting urbanization, which is a great inspiration and reference for the reform of the household registration system in other provinces and cities.

Steadily promote the reform of the household registration system, at the present stage, China's urbanization is an important part of deepening the reform, its focus is to break through the implementation of the urban-rural dual system for more than 50 years, and realize the urban-rural integration. The urban-rural dual household registration system is the cornerstone of the urban-rural dual system, so when breaking the urban-rural dual system, we must change the dualization of urban and rural household registration into urban and rural household registration. The integration of urban and rural areas needs a long process, and each province and city has its own unique provincial and city conditions, so we should not rush to achieve success in promoting the reform of the household registration system, but should make steady progress and full preparation to achieve "natural success". It has basically become a consensus to promote the reform of the household registration system, but how to promote a new type of urbanization more actively and effectively, and then promote the healthy development of economy and society, there is still controversy in academic circles.

Whether to promote the reform of the household registration system means directly abolishing the dual household registration system in urban and rural areas. Some scholars believe that at present, the gap between urban and rural areas is widening, and human urbanization seriously lags behind industrialization, so we should get rid of the urban-rural dual system as soon as possible and directly abolish the urban-rural dual household registration system in one step. Scholars who do not agree with this view believe that all kinds of preparations must be made before they can be gradually liberalized. If the hukou control for farmers entering cities is abolished all at once, the welfare and public resources originally limited to urban residents will suddenly be extremely short. It may even have a destructive impact on the city.

Cities in China can be divided into at least four levels according to scale (super large, large, medium and small). Most experts believe that household registration integration can be carried out in small and medium-sized cities first, and only after accumulating some experience can they be promoted in big cities. The reason is: there are great differences among different types of cities. In the process of urbanization, super-large cities and large cities do have characteristics that are different from other types of cities, and further research is needed before the single-track household registration system can be implemented. However, big cities have great financial strength. They do not take the first step and set an example in the integration of farmers into cities. Should poor small cities take the lead? Generally speaking, the basic direction of the reform of the household registration system should be to strip the welfare distribution function of the household registration system, restore its own management function, and the basic goal is to realize people's urbanization and put the improvement of people's quality of life in the first place. All provinces and cities should steadily promote the reform of the household registration system according to their own conditions.