How to cultivate perilla? Propagation methods and cultivation points of Perilla frutescens

Perilla is a seasoning. It is adaptable to climate and cold-resistant. And the growing environment is humid, and the common dishes in daily life are perilla cucumber, perilla field snail and so on, and they are loved by people. The following is the breeding methods and cultivation points of perilla combined with their own knowledge!

Perilla is not strict with the soil. However, it grows well in sandy loam and neutral soil with good drainage in the warmer climate.

1. Seed storage and treatment: the dormancy period of seeds is as long as 120 days. If newly harvested seeds want to break the dormancy period, they must be placed in an environment of 3 degrees Celsius for 5 days and soaked with gibberellin to promote germination. Seed germination is light-dependent. The harvested seeds should not be dried and stored. After keeping them in the shade for 2-3 days, the seeds are mixed with equal river sand to maintain suitable humidity and buried in the Reed to facilitate germination.

two。 Sowing and raising seedlings: the seedling bed should be ventilated and transparent, the soil is loose and fertile, and the performance of water and fertilizer conservation is good. The seedling bed should be ploughed and raked finely, and the border surface should be flat, with a width of-1.3 meters, a length of 20 meters and a height of 20 centimeters. The seedbed area is prepared according to 10% of the planting area. Draw enough water before sowing. The seeds are 10-14 grams per square meter, and the seeds are fine. when sowing, you can mix the seeds with plant ash or fine sand, suppress them slightly with a board after sowing, then cover them with straw, spray water, and cover them with agricultural film. The seedlings can emerge after 7 days and 10 days, and the film will be removed after emergence. After the seedlings come out, the seedlings will be planted once or twice, and the seedlings below can also be eaten. Pay attention to ventilation to prevent growth. It can be planted when there are 3 or 4 pairs of true leaves.

3. Planting and management: 10-15 days before fixing the coffin, the soil was prepared, deeply ploughed and dried, and 3000 kg of rotten organic fertilizer, 30 kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, and 100,200kg of plant ash were applied per mu to form a bed with a width of 1.3m and a height of 25cm. And 4-5 days before planting, spray herbicides such as Acetochlor or Roundup, 100-110 ml per mu, add 30-40 kg of water. The planting spacing is 15-20 cm square, water immediately after planting, and then keep the soil moist. The first stubble leaves were removed about 25 days after planting, and the standard was that all the leaves below the fourth section were removed, and then the leaves were harvested one pair of true leaves in 3-4 days at the peak, and one pair of leaves in 6-7 days at other times, until early September. The yield per mu can reach about 1200 kg. The first stubble leaves are small, and the leaves harvested later are fully grown finished leaves. Rotten fecal water or 0.5% urea solution should be applied every 2 or 3 times of harvest. Spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.1% potassium phosphate at budding stage twice can make the flower spike grow and develop well. The weather is dry from July to September, we should pay attention to irrigation, each irrigation should be thoroughly, the excess water should be removed in time, and then re-irrigated when the soil surface turns white.

4. Pest control: perilla has not seen any disease. In the growing period, grasshoppers, beet armyworm and other harmful leaves, resulting in leaf perforation, affecting commodity value. It can be sprayed with pesticides such as Kuailing, Quick killing, strong stick and so on.

Key points of cultivation

1. The cultivation of perilla frutescens: using hot hotbed or greenhouse to cultivate perilla in winter and spring, the benefit is very high. Ploughing and rectifying the upper land, apply 1000-2000 kg per mu of human rotten cooked cloth machine fertilizer, sow seeds, and apply 0.1% urea solution after emergence. When the seedlings grow to 3-4 pairs of real leaves, cut them all over the ground with scissors, box them out or keep them fresh for transportation. In cultivation, the seedlings should be stewed to receive light, maintain the humidity in the soil and air, prevent drying, and make the seedlings bright in color.

two。 Perilla cultivation: use hotbed or shed to raise seedlings, shade the seedlings with black agricultural film in the morning and evening, so that the daily light at the seedling stage is only 5-6 hours. When there are 3-4 pairs of leaves, transplant into the greenhouse, one hole for every 3-4 plants, and the distance between holes is 10-13mm. Keep the temperature around after transplanting and accept natural light. When the seedlings grow to 6-8 pairs of leaves, they will show buds and be harvested in time when the ear is 8 cm long. Every 10-15 ears are tied up into a handful for sale, with bright colors and dense buds as the top grade. When producing Perilla frutescens, dwarf and early maturing varieties should be selected.

Today, let's share what kinds of perilla are common. What are the environmental requirements for perilla cultivation? Perilla, also known as cinnamon, red perilla, white perilla, etc., is an annual herb of the genus Perilla of Labiatae. Native to China, wild and cultivated species are found in North, Central, South China, Southwest China and Taiwan Province. It is mainly distributed in Southeast Asian countries in the world, and oral cultivation is also common. I have written records of perilla more than 2000 years ago.

Perilla is an annual erect herb with a height of 0.3-1.0 meters for wild species and more than 1.8 meters for cultivated species. Fibrous root system. Stem cross section quadrangular, densely slender villous. Leaves alternate, green-purple or purple, ovoid or broadly ovoid, 7-13 cm long, long tip acute, base rounded or broadly cuneate, leaf margin coarsely serrate, wild species densely fine hairy, cultivated species glabrous. Petiole 3-5 cm long, raceme terminal and axillary, lip-shaped flowers, purplish red, light red or white. Nuts grayish brown, subglobose or ovate, containing 1 seed. The weight of a thousand grains is about 0.89 grams.

What are the environmental requirements for perilla cultivation?

Perilla prefers a warm and humid climate, is more resistant to high temperature, and mature seeds have a strong tolerance to low temperature. Seeds can germinate when the temperature is above 8 degrees Celsius, and the optimum germination temperature is 18-23 degrees Celsius. The suitable temperature for flowering is 26-28 degrees Celsius. The suitable temperature for plant growth is 22-30 degrees Celsius. Autumn flowering is a typical short-day plant. Nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer. During the growing period, stems and leaves are not tolerant to drought, and the soil is required to keep dry and wet. Loam or sandy loam of soil pH6~6.5 is suitable. When the air is too dry and the temperature is too high (above 35 degrees Celsius), the stems and leaves are thick and hard, there are many fibers, and the quality is poor.

What kinds of perilla do you have?

Perilla includes two varieties: Perilla frutescens, also known as perilla, chicken crown perilla, and perilla, also known as wild perilla. Perilla frutescens is more cultivated in different places, and garden cultivation also has ornamental value.

Perilla is cultivated sporadically in all parts of our country, and the varieties used are farm varieties with a long history, which can be divided into red perilla and cyan perilla (green leaves) according to leaf color, and early, middle and late maturity varieties according to maturity. according to the mode of utilization, it can be divided into bud perilla, leaf perilla and ear perilla.

Perilla can generally be planted by furrow sowing, and some organic fertilizer should be applied in the soil before planting, but it should be fermented well. When sowing, there are now several rows of small ditches on the soil surface, with a depth of less than 1 cm and a distance of 10 cm between them. After that, water is watered in the trench, watering as much as possible to absorb enough water for the seeds, and then sowing seeds in the trenches with a seed density of 0.5 cm. Finally, the seed is covered with half a centimeter of semi-dry fine soil, and the sowing process is completed. If the spring sowing weather is dry, the soil surface can be covered with a layer of plastic film after sowing, which can effectively keep heat and moisture, and then remove the film after emergence.

Perilla likes to be warm, and it is suitable for sowing in April in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Not only direct seeding, but also transplanting after raising seedlings, because the number of family potted plants is small, direct seeding method can be used. Choose a 20 cm plastic basin with 8 parts of cooked vegetable garden soil, 1 part of mature organic fertilizer, 0. 5%. Five parts of compound fertilizer were mixed with a small amount of calcium superphosphate. Plum pot sowed 1 hole, 3 seeds, covered with soil after sowing, poured enough water out of the seedling, such as soil consolidation after emergence, should loosen the soil once, set the seedling after 30-40 days, and leave a strong seedling in the pot.