New normal talk about agriculture, rural areas and farmers: focus on food security this year

Editor's note: the No. 1 document of the CPC Central Committee has focused on "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" for 12 years in a row, focusing on food security almost every year. In the past decade, China's total grain output has increased year after year, but many serious problems that can not be avoided have been exposed. for example, the shortage of rural labor force, the high cost of agricultural production, large area soil non-point source pollution, groundwater pollution and other problems, then how should we rationally treat the continuous increase of grain production in our country? what is the objective situation of food security in our country at present? Let's listen to the analysis of Kong Xiangzhi, commentator of China Rural Voice, vice president of China Agricultural Technology and economy Research Association, and dean of the School of Agriculture and Rural Development of Renmin University of China:

According to China, Agriculture, Countryside and Farmers, the 11th consecutive increase in grain is a very great achievement, but it should also be noted that the increase in grain production is the result of the adjustment of the internal structure of grain over the years. Last year, our import volume exceeded 70 million tons. 60% of the world soybean market is imported into China, so that many farmers in China, especially in Northeast China, will not plant soybeans and plant corn instead. The yield of corn is several times that of soybeans, so the grain output has gone up. Generally speaking, the increase in the sown area of grain is not very obvious, and we only have so much land, which is the first aspect.

Second, grain output has been increasing for 11 consecutive years, and in fact, there is a great deficit in our resources, especially in the main grain producing areas, where groundwater is declining, chemical fertilizers and pesticides are widely used, resulting in soil and groundwater pollution, and so on. Including the safety of grain itself, I am referring to his pesticide and fertilizer residues, which are all problems that can not be ignored.

There is another one. We are talking about the problem of food security in China. In essence, he does not mean the part eaten by people, mainly rice and wheat. There is no problem with this. There has been a substantial increase in imports of soybeans and corn in recent years, but there is basically no increase in imports of wheat and rice. It is just a small import of one or two million tons of soybeans, which is essentially a feed problem. Therefore, the problem of food security may essentially be to solve the problem of feed security under the premise of absolute safety of rations. We eat very little of this kind of crop, and it is mainly used as fodder, and if we make fodder, make green storage corn, or do not plant corn and plant feed directly, then its benefit may be greater. For Zhu Ma cattle and sheep, they may eat more nutrition, so structural adjustment is proposed in the first document this year. One of the most important contents of structural adjustment is to adjust the ternary structure. Is to plant part of the area of corn, you set aside to grow green corn or grow feed.

In the face of the current situation of food security in China, how to change the mode of agricultural development, enhance grain production capacity, improve farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain, and then build a stable and reliable national food security system?

The first is structural adjustment, the central government clearly proposed structural adjustment, the first 85 years, the second 1998, 2013 proposed a new type of business main body construction. In fact, the new type of business entity is the most important one in the structural adjustment. Without a new type of business entity, it is very difficult for the original small farmers to carry out structural adjustment, because she is not commercialized, the commercialization rate is relatively low, or even self-sufficient. More than half of them are non-professional farmers who simply grow a few mu of land to eat and serve their families. He does not care about structural adjustment.

Second, from the point of view of grain, it is very important how to really subsidize the farmers who grow grain. Now the so-called four major subsidies are direct subsidies for growing grain, subsidies for improved varieties, and comprehensive subsidies for agricultural means of production. Subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery should be persisted. At present, the comprehensive agricultural mechanization rate has reached 61%, but it is still far behind that of developed countries. The other three subsidies How to integrate it together to really promote the main body of the new type of agricultural operation and grain farmers is probably the focus of the reform.

The third is to deepen services. we know that the efficiency of growing grain is very low. if you grow an mu of wheat or rice, your benefit will be 23,3400 yuan. If the cost increases slightly, he will not make any money and will lose money. In some places, the government buys deepening services to lighten the burden of farmers and reduce their production costs. we investigated in Henan last year that agricultural machinery provides one-stop service from sowing to harvesting. In one county, the government bought 30000 mu, and farmers of these 30000 mu only need to pay 1 acre of their homework money, while the other 2 acres are provided by the government. 30000 mu is very small. I think this is only a pilot project. If the scope is gradually expanded in the future. All farmers can enjoy government subsidies, which is a great boost to the enthusiasm of grain farmers, so how to strengthen and deepen services is very important for grain cultivation.

Another is the integration of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries. How to extend the grain industry chain through grain processing, leaving more profits in the main grain producing areas and in the hands of grain farmers, so as to improve the comparative efficiency of the grain industry? it is very important for the development of the grain industry in the future.