Strive for Breakthrough under Hard Constraints_Representative Committee Members Focus on Transforming Agricultural Development

At present, China's economy has entered a new normal of improving quality and increasing efficiency, and agricultural development has made a series of gratifying achievements such as the "11th consecutive increase" of grain output. it is also faced with new challenges such as capping the price of agricultural products, raising the "floor" of production costs, and strengthening the "hard constraints" of the ecological environment. It has become the consensus of deputies and committee members to rely on reform and innovation to speed up the transformation of the mode of agricultural development.

The solution under the dilemma

"the reason why we should put accelerating the transformation of the mode of agricultural development in a very important position this year is based on the requirements and objectives of building modern agriculture, and is also directly related to the outstanding problems facing agriculture and rural areas." Chen Xiwen, member of the standing Committee of the CPPCC National Committee and deputy head of the Central Rural work leading Group, pointed out.

He believes that at present, there are three most prominent problems: first, the production costs of agriculture are rising; second, the prices of major agricultural products are now higher than those in the international market, which constitutes a lot of pressure; and third, for a long time, more people and less land have to pursue grain production in order to have enough food, which puts too much pressure on agricultural resources and causes problems to the rural environment. He said that solving these three problems can maintain the development of rural agriculture, so it is necessary to change the mode of agricultural development.

"although grain has achieved'11 consecutive increases', it must be noted that the mode of grain production in our country is still relatively extensive, and this situation urgently needs to be changed under the increasingly serious double constraints of cultivated land and water resources." Xia Tao, member of the CPPCC National Committee and vice chairman of the CPPCC Anhui Provincial Committee, who has long been concerned about the issues of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, said: compared with developed countries, China's grain production is still in the stage of extensive production by relying on chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and flood irrigation. "Agricultural development must shift from an extensive development mode that pays attention to output to a new stage of intensive development that pays more attention to efficiency."

Liu Xin, a member of the CPPCC National Committee, said: "the data show that at present, the average amount of chemical fertilizer used per mu in China is 21.2 kg, 4.1 times the world average. This extensive development mode directly leads to the decline of soil fertility. At present, the degradation area of cultivated land in China has accounted for more than 40% of the total area of cultivated land. The black soil layer in Northeast China becomes thinner, the soil in the south is acidified, and the plough layer in North China Plain is not only shallower, but also the trend of salinization, which seriously affects the output of cultivated land. "

Chen Daheng, a deputy to the National people's Congress, believes that if we do not change the mode of development and appropriately expand the scale of operation, it will be very difficult to reduce agricultural production costs, improve production efficiency, and improve the competitiveness of agricultural products.

The key depends on science and technology and institutional innovation.

Zhang Xiaoshan, a deputy to the National people's Congress, believes that if agriculture is to maintain a sustainable mode of production, it is necessary to organically combine technological innovation with institutional innovation. In agricultural management, we should establish an incentive and restraint mechanism for the effective and economical use of water resources, land resources and other material technologies. Give full play to the active role of the main body of agricultural production and management, so that the users of agricultural resources have become the biggest beneficiaries of the saving and utilization of agricultural resources, and the sustainable development of agriculture can have a solid institutional foundation.

Committee member Xia Tao held that it is necessary to constantly strengthen the construction of a system for the transformation of agricultural achievements, promote agricultural scientific and technological innovation, and use innovation to drive the transformation of the mode of agricultural development. "to change the mode of agricultural development is to pay more attention to efficiency and enhance the competitiveness of agricultural products." Zhao Han, a member of the CPPCC National Committee, said that the competitiveness of China's agricultural products is not strong. Food security is not only quantity security, but also quality security and economic security. He suggested that we should reduce the cost of agricultural products through centralized serial and large-scale operation, and also rely on technological innovation to change the production mode to reduce costs, improve competitiveness, and fundamentally increase the efficiency of agricultural production.

Deng Xiuxin, a deputy to the National people's Congress, said: "China's agricultural development can no longer be achieved by increasing land area and factor input, but by science and technology and connotation. From the growth of factor input to the growth of investment in science and technology.

"Special subsidies will be given to relying on scientific and technological progress, increasing per unit yield and following a resource-saving and environment-friendly agricultural development model." Li Shiqiang, deputy to the National people's Congress, believes that it is necessary to give further play to the leading, supporting, and leading role of science and technology in modern agriculture and the governance of the agricultural environment. The national preferential agricultural policy focuses on supporting key links such as the promotion of high-quality and improved varieties, new fertilizers and pesticides, mechanization of production operations, and the popularization of agricultural science and technology.

Wang Gang, a deputy to the National people's Congress, said: the degree of openness of agricultural scientific and technological innovation is very high, and the gap between China's agricultural technology and advanced countries and regions is not large, and the biggest gap lies in management. It is necessary to establish a complete agricultural industrial service system, improve industrial service support, and strengthen educational guidance for farmers.