Green Prevention and Control Technology of Diseases and insect pests in Tea Garden in Xishuangbanna

Green Prevention and Control Technology of Diseases and insect pests in Tea Garden in Xishuangbanna

Now all kinds of crops are green and healthy, safe and pollution-free, and so on. Today we are going to talk about the green prevention and control technology of tea diseases and insect pests in Xishuangbanna. Let's take a look at the concept and main technical characteristics of the green prevention and control technology.

1 the concept of green prevention and control technology

Green prevention and control refers to the behavior process of safe control of pests through the optimization and integration of biological, ecological, physical and other technologies and limited use of toxic pesticides within the range of crop target yield benefits. This technology emphasizes the use of non-chemical pesticides as far as possible to control the occurrence of tea diseases and insect pests, so as to significantly reduce the amount of chemical pesticides, avoid excessive pesticide residues in agricultural products, avoid human and animal poisoning accidents, and protect the agricultural ecological environment. It is an important measure to implement the policy of "prevention first, comprehensive control" and to develop agriculture with high quality, high yield, high efficiency, ecology and environmental protection.

2 main technologies of green prevention and control

2.1 Agricultural prevention and control refers to the application of a series of cultivation and management techniques to create conditions conducive to crop growth and not conducive to the occurrence of pests, and to eliminate or restrain pests directly or indirectly.

2.1.1 applying organic fertilizer to carry out scientific and balanced fertilization, the base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, with little or no application of chemical fertilizer. After stopping harvesting, the tea garden completed deep ploughing in December, and the depth was more than 20cm. At the same time, every hm2 was combined with the application of farm fertilizer 15000kg and tea special organic fertilizer 1350kg to improve soil structure, improve soil fertility, promote plant growth and enhance its resistance to diseases and insect pests.

2.1.2 ploughing and loosening soil in the tea growing season after early tea picking, the soil is constantly trampled by man, resulting in soil consolidation and poor air permeability. Rain Water is not easy to penetrate into the lower soil, so it is appropriate to carry out mid-ploughing in May at a depth of about 10cm, which can not only improve the air permeability of the soil, but also prepare for water storage in the following rainy season. With the arrival of the rainy season and high temperature, weeds grow luxuriantly in the tea garden. Weeding should be carried out four times from June to September to prevent weeds from competing for water and fertilizer and promote plant growth. After tea picking, turn the soil deeply, make the diseases and insects exposed on the soil surface or buried deeply in the soil, eliminate the diseases and insects in the soil and reduce the number of diseases and insect pests.

2.1.3 reasonable pruning, clean pastoral moderate pruning can enhance the potential of tea trees, promote the growth of tea trees, and at the same time cut off the branches and leaves of diseased insects to achieve a certain effect of preventing diseases and pests. The suitable height of large leaf species in this area should be controlled at 90cm. After stopping harvesting in the tea garden, the tea trees with high 80cm can be pruned at the last cut, and the tea trees with high 90cm should be cut deeply, and the bad branches such as chicken claw branches, disease and insect branches, withered branches and weak branches should be cut off at the same time to remove weeds and litter in the field, bury or burn deeply, eliminate the overwintering places of diseases and insect pests, and reduce the primary infection sources of diseases and insect pests in the field. Spraying high quality urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate with 500g urea and 500g potassium dihydrogen phosphate per hm2 can enhance plant resistance and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.

2.1.4 the insect pests such as false-eyed small green leafhopper, tea orange gall mite, tea aphid, tea moth and tea thrips tend to be tenderized, mainly in the tender shoots, and a large number of insects and eggs of these pests can be removed with the picking of tea. It can be burned or buried deeply, which can effectively reduce the population of pests in the tea garden and play a certain control effect.

2.1.5 the establishment of an ecological tea garden refers to taking tea trees as the main species in the same tea garden and artificially creating a good ecological environment in which many species coexist through the implementation of three-dimensional compound cultivation, so that the growth of tea trees and the tea garden ecosystem can be harmonized and unified. to realize the sustainable and healthy development of tea production. The investigation shows that the number of natural enemies in ecological tea garden is higher than that in monoculture tea garden. Therefore, planting other plants in or around the tea garden can not only reduce the light intensity, reduce the temperature, improve the air humidity, and promote the high yield and high quality of tea. What is more important is that the biological diversity of tea garden is beneficial to the habitat and reproduction of natural enemies, give full play to the role of natural control factors, and reduce the harm of pests. In addition, some tree species also have a tendency to avoid pests, such as camphor tree, Hainan Huanghua pear, big fruit red sandalwood, Indian red sandalwood and so on. The plant protection station of Xishuangbanna investigated the tea gardens with four different planting patterns, and the results showed that the ratio of beneficial pests in the tea garden was in the following order: camphor tea interplanting > pine interplanting > lampstand interplanting > pure tea garden. The damage degree of Lepidoptera larvae was in the following order: Pinus elliottii interplanting > pure tea garden > lampstand tree interplanting > camphor tea interplanting. Camphor trees showed obvious insect avoidance effect, and Lepidoptera larvae basically caused no harm in camphor tea interplanting tea plantation. it can be seen that camphor can be planted as a high-quality tree species to avoid pests in the tea garden. When selecting other tree species mixed with tea, we should pay attention to the selection of symbiotic and mutually beneficial tree species with less diseases and insect pests, no same diseases and insect pests, and tree species with certain economic benefits, avoid planting too dense, and 40% shading is appropriate.

2.2 physical control

2.2.1 using color swatches and sex attractants to trap and kill small pests such as leafhoppers, Liriomyza huidobrensis, whitefly, thrips, aphids, etc., by setting up armyworm color plates in the tea garden. Generally place the color swatch 225pieces / hm2, the lower side of the swatch is higher than the canopy surface 5~10cm. The results showed that the dominant species of pests in tea garden in Menghai tea area were false-eyed small green leafhopper, yellow board and green board on false-eyed small green leafhopper and black whitefly, and the trapping effect of blue board on thrips was significant. it can greatly reduce the damage of false-eyed small green leafhopper, black whitefly and thrips in tea garden. This technique has the advantages of low cost (the value of armyworm board is 675-1125 yuan / hm2), simple operation and long control time, and can effectively reduce the times and amount of application. However, as the yellow armyworm board has a certain killing effect on the natural enemies, the yellow board should be removed in time during the garden closure in winter to avoid harming the natural enemies. In addition, the sexual trapping core of tea caterpillar can be placed in the demonstration area to trap and kill male moth of tea caterpillar, resulting in the imbalance of species proportion of insect pests and abnormal mating, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the number of tea caterpillar population.

2.2.2 using solar energy frequency vibrating insecticidal lamp to trap and kill tea garden pests by making use of the tendency of pests to light. The results show that the frequency vibrating insecticidal lamp has trapping and killing effect on Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Homoptera, and can trap and kill moths, leaf beetles, longicorn beetles, leafhoppers, whitefly and other pests, especially on Lepidoptera pests. According to statistics, its control effect on tea caterpillar, tea leaf moth and tea inchworm can reach 60% to 80%, but the trapping effect on tea cicada is not good. The frequency vibrating insecticidal lamp can also trap and kill the natural enemies, but the number is relatively small and the safety to the natural enemies is better. For some pests which are not sensitive to phototaxis, during the use of insecticidal lamps, high-efficiency and low-toxic pesticides are selected for 2 or 3 times, which can effectively control the harm of pests. This method can obviously control tea garden pests and reduce the application amount of chemical pesticides, thus remarkable economic, social and ecological benefits can be obtained.

2.3 Biological control methods that use beneficial organisms or their metabolites to control pests.

2.3.1 Protection of natural enemies according to the investigation, the natural enemies of tea garden include birds, spiders, aphid flies, assassin bugs, marmosets, mantis, ladybugs, scorpion flies, parasitic wasps, etc., so we should protect these natural enemies from catching damage. By planting trees and nectar plants in or around the tea garden, the biology of the tea garden is diversified to attract natural enemies to inhabit and reproduce, and to eliminate pests. When using chemical pesticides, we should choose high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue pesticides as far as possible, avoid the peak period of natural enemy activities, and reduce the damage to natural enemies as much as possible.

2.3.2 raising chickens in the tea garden for pest control, with the foraging activities of chickens, the weeds, grass seeds, insects and eggs in the tea garden will be pecked away by the chickens, which plays the role of biological weeding and pest control. At the same time, the feces from the chickens increase the soil fertility and make the tea trees grow vigorously. However, it should be noted that the density of raising chickens in the tea garden should be low, otherwise it will lead to the consolidation of the tea garden land and affect the growth of tea.

Tips for Carey's agrochemical consultation

This article is for reference only. Farmers are invited to choose scientific planting and management methods according to their local environment and local soil and climate conditions. We will continue to provide more agricultural material information, thank you for your attention!

Contact us

Tel: 1870 3851750

QQ:2587071907

Wechat: kairuinong

Official website: www.kairuinong.cn >

Mailbox: 2587071907@qq.com

For more information about agrochemical information and agricultural technology, please follow the official account "Carey Agricultural Chemical Information".