Standardized cultivation techniques of white melon seeds

White melon seed is the seed of seed pumpkin, which is rich in protein and fat, has high nutritional value, and is often processed into melon seeds or edible oil. White melon seeds are cultivated in various parts of our country, but the quality varies greatly. In order to improve the planting area and quality of white melon seeds, the standardized planting techniques of white melon seeds are shared as follows.

I. growth habits

Climatic conditions: the frost-free period is more than 110days and the accumulated temperature is more than 2300 ℃. I like the weather with high temperature and less rain. It is not rainy and foggy in summer. Even rainy and foggy days affect the melon setting rate and have a great impact on the growth in the later stage.

Soil conditions: choose sandy loam, loam, acid black loess can be cultivated. White melon seeds have strong drought resistance and fear of waterlogging, so we should choose soils with high topography, good drainage, good permeability and not easy to waterlogging.

II. Variety selection

Excellent semi-vine varieties with strong low temperature tolerance, fast growth rate and high melon setting rate, such as Ruifeng 9, were selected.

III. Applying basic fertilizer for land preparation

Soil disinfection was carried out with 2 kg of 5% phoxim granules and 2 kg of 25% carbendazim per mu before soil preparation. Apply 5000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, 40 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 15 kg of urea and 20 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. According to 130 cm line spacing to make ridges, ridge height 15-20 cm, ridge width 80 cm, ridge width 50 cm.

Fourth, sowing seeds

From April 10th to April 25th, sow seeds from 10:00 to 16:00 on a sunny day, with a sowing rate of 400m / mu and 500g per mu, and dry the seeds for one day before sowing to improve the germination rate. Two rows of white melon seeds were planted on the ridge surface with a distance of 50 cm and 2 seeds per hole, in the form of deep and shallow covering soil. The hole depth was 5-8 cm from the ground after sowing, and then covered with plastic film with a width of 120cm and a thickness of 0.012 mm. After emergence, let the melon seedlings grow in the hole for a period of time, in order to prevent frost injury in the late frost or hot seedlings at noon, generally sowing about 2000 holes per mu.

Management after sowing

After the late frost, break the membrane and release the seedlings. 2-3 days before the release of the seedlings, the seedlings should be released with a small opening of the film. When releasing the seedlings, a strong seedling with hypertrophic cotyledons and dark green leaves should be placed outside the film, and the rest can be left out and sealed with wet soil. When the vine is 50 cm long, press the vine with wet soil and cut off the root and the lateral vine of each node, then press it every 4 times every 5 knots. As the growth of white melon seeds at high temperature affects the setting rate, artificial pollination is needed. The newly opened male flowers are picked before 9:00 every morning, the Corolla is removed to reveal stamens, and gently smeared on the stigma of female flowers. One male flower can be coated with 3-4 female flowers, one plant leaves 2 melons for the second melon seat, and the first 6 melon leaves are pinched. When melons grow to the size of eggs, 15 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer is applied per mu. Timely removal of old leaves, yellow leaves, diseased leaves, residual leaves, leaves should be left short. For the lateral buds and tendrils sprouting in the axils of the leaves, picking leaves, pinching beards and forking should be carried out at noon on a sunny day.

VI. Harvesting and drying

Harvest

1. Harvest time: it can be harvested at the beginning of September when there are many small tubercles that cannot be pinched into the peel with your fingernails.

2, melon method: shovel off the melon vine with a spade, it is best to keep the handle to throw the melon on a trip, to facilitate the later seed work, start to trap the melon for about 10 days, so that the melon seeds are full, increase the weight and yield.

3. Harvest method: use the white melon seed separator to remove the seeds and feed the melon into the machine with a four-foot fork. Remember to keep an eye on the weather forecast when you hit the seeds, and it is better to have sunny weather to dry after the shooting.

Dry in the sun

1, the use of screen window drying method: need to build shelves, so that the quality of melon seeds is good.

2. Use the cloth drying method: clean the cloth before drying to avoid the dirty board. After the cloth is not suitable for drying, do not turn the melon seeds within two days in sunny weather. Wait for the seeds to be peeled, and then use wooden multi-foot steaks to avoid skateboards. Be sure to avoid freezing plates when drying.

3, the standard of drying: drying is very critical, moisture is less than 9%, no dirty board, no skateboard, no frozen board, no grained particles, impurities less than 0.4%. In this way, we can sell a good price, but we must avoid the frozen board, the buyer is very taboo, the price gap is very large.

7. Treatment of straw

After the melon harvesting is finished, when the melon vine is dry, use a four-wheeled cart with a deep pine share on the back to fish the white melon seed to the ground and burn it clean after the fire prevention period, so as not to affect the planting next year, or if time permits, wait for the melon seedling to dry thoroughly, directly use the joint soil preparation for one operation, but this must be optimistic about the weather, so that the straw can be returned to the field.

VIII. Disease and pest control

The main insect pests are aphids and whitefly, and the main diseases are powdery mildew, gray mold and virus.

Powdery mildew

Control method: 30% ether bacteria. Acetyl bacteria suspension 1000 times solution or 25% ether phenol sulfonate 800x solution or 10% high water dispersible granules 1500rel 2000 times spray, spray once every 10 days, spray 3ml 4 times.

Viral disease

Prevention and treatment methods: 20% morpholine guanidine hydrochloride wettable powder 500x liquid or 5% bacteriorubicin wettable powder 400x liquid spray, 7-10d.1 times, 3Mel 4 times.

Grey mold disease

Prevention and treatment methods: 50% Sukeling wettable powder 1000mur1500 times or 10% world high wettable powder 1000 times, sprayed once every 7 days, 40% pyrimidine suspension 1000 times, continuously sprayed 2 times 3 times.

Aphids

Control method: 2.5% diphacinone EC 2000mur3000 times or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000mur3000 times or 3% chloramidine EC 1000Mel 1500 times spray.

Bemisia Tabaci

Prevention and treatment methods: 1.8% avermectin EC 1500 times, or 2.5% cyhalothrin 3000 times or 25% buprofezin 1000ml 1500 times or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1500 times 2000 times.