The present situation and Reform Direction of Agriculture, Countryside and Farmers in China to deepen the Reform of farmland system

Basic development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers in 2014

First of all, let's review the basic situation of the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers in 2014. In 2014, the overall situation of agriculture, rural areas and farmers was stable and improved, grain output increased by 0.9% over the previous year, and the production of animal products, aquatic products, fruits and vegetables remained stable. In 2014, the average per capita net income of farmers was 9892 yuan, which was 9.2% after deducting the price factor, and the income growth rate continued to be higher than that of urban residents. The pilot project of the target price reform of cotton and soybean has been carried out steadily, the pilot project of registration and certification of agricultural land contracted management right has been carried out in an orderly manner, the land management right has been transferred, and the appropriate scale operation of agriculture has been promoted rapidly. The gap between urban and rural development has narrowed, and the living environment and infrastructure in rural areas have been continuously improved, which has led to the docking of urban and rural areas.

On the other hand, there are some problems in the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers in China in 2014. Under the joint action of the rise of input prices, workers' wages and land rent, the cost of agricultural products is rising rapidly, and the prices of major agricultural products in China are generally higher than those of imported agricultural products entering China according to quotas. Due to the high price of domestic agricultural products, marketing enterprises and processing enterprises are more willing to use imported agricultural products, resulting in a rise in domestic agricultural product inventory. The agricultural growth mode of simply pursuing output and striving for resources has caused great pressure on resources and environment. Agriculture has become the main source of water deterioration and soil heavy metal pollution, and urban residents are generally worried about the quality of agricultural products.

For these problems, our main countermeasure now is the integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries. In other words, in addition to providing primary agricultural products, rural areas should also carry out the processing of agricultural products and develop services such as tourism. Throughout the country, qualified and basic county-level administrative units will be selected to carry out rural land expropriation, collective construction land to enter the market, and pilot reform of the rural homestead system. Strengthen the research, safety management and scientific popularization of agricultural genetically modified organisms. Guide the outstanding people in the group of migrant workers to return home to start a business with capital, technology, management skills and connections. Develop rural cooperative finance and inclusive finance.

Deepen the reform of farmland system

Ultra-small-scale operation of agricultural land can solve the problem of food and clothing for farmers, but not the development of modern agriculture. Agriculture is suitable for family management. The problem of ultra-small-scale agriculture is not a problem of family management. The sustained and rapid development of China's economy has brought more and more jobs and more stable non-farm employment opportunities to farmers.

With the improvement of farmers' employment structure, on the one hand, non-agricultural employment has become the main source of farmers' income, on the other hand, the opportunity cost of agricultural production has gradually increased, resulting in the behavior of farmers subcontracting land. Agricultural land transfer is conducive to overcome the disadvantages of ultra-small-scale operation of agriculture, promote the application of new agricultural technology, and promote the development of agriculture. With the expansion of the scale and the increase of the forms of rural land transfer, the current arrangement of rural land property rights is becoming more and more unsuitable. The problems caused by land transfer should not be explained in the original property right structure, but should be further improved and reformed.

The reform of land property right structure needs to be adjusted in three aspects: first, it has changed from land contract right to land stock, and the share ownership of collective land has been realized by the way of equity. The second is to change the property right of physical form into the property right of value form. The third is to change the production right of specific land into the income right of specific land.

Cultivate a new type of agricultural management body

Due to the lack of competitiveness of ultra-small-scale agricultural management, with economic development, fewer and fewer farmers are willing to engage in ultra-small-scale agriculture, so that some people worry about who will farm in the future. In fact, the decline of ultra-small-scale agriculture not only need not worry, but should be happy to see it succeed. Only when more and more farmers are unwilling to engage in ultra-small-scale agriculture, the new agricultural operators will grow up.

The new type of agricultural management subject is the one with self-growing ability, not the one that needs support in order to operate. The government should create a more competitive environment for new agricultural operations and bring them to the market. By adopting this approach, the development of new agricultural operators will certainly be slower. Only in this way will the so-called new agricultural management theme of seeking government subsidies be eliminated, and the new agricultural operators with self-generating ability will be retained. In this way, the banks of the new agricultural operators will be willing to lend for them, and the insurance companies will be willing to insure them, and a market-oriented business environment will gradually take shape.