Agricultural development needs to speed up the cultivation of continuous strength

At present, the main factors supporting the improvement of China's comprehensive agricultural production capacity are undergoing profound changes. From the perspective of agricultural inputs, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides per unit area in China has reached 3.6 times and 2.5 times of the world average respectively, and agricultural output can no longer be increased by increasing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. From the perspective of resources and environment, not only can we no longer expand agricultural production by overdrawing resources and environment, but also withdraw agricultural production that exceeds the carrying capacity of resources and environment. From the perspective of supporting measures, the prices of China's major agricultural products have exceeded the prices of imported agricultural products, and the "yellow box" support linked to production or trade behavior is close to the upper limit promised by China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). The space to stimulate agricultural production is significantly narrowed by raising the minimum purchase price, temporary collection and storage prices, and increasing subsidies. From the point of view of the mode of operation, with the continuous outward transfer of the rural young and middle-aged labor force, the aging of the agricultural labor force, the sub-industrialization of agriculture and the concurrent industrialization of farmers are becoming more and more serious. the potential for farmers to continue to rely on small-scale part-time operation to provide more agricultural products has been very limited.

In the face of profound changes in the internal and external conditions of agricultural development, the Central Economic work Conference and the Central Rural work Conference held at the end of last year stressed that we must unswervingly speed up the transformation of the mode of agricultural development. as soon as possible, we should pay equal attention to quantity and quality benefits, pay attention to the improvement of competitiveness, pay attention to agricultural technological innovation, and pay attention to sustainable and intensive development. Take the road of modern agricultural development with high output efficiency, product safety, resource conservation and environment-friendly. The core of implementing this requirement is to speed up the cultivation of continuous forces of agricultural development in line with the laws of the market economy, resource endowment conditions and the requirements of sustainable development.

The internal driving force of agricultural structure optimization is used to replace the external pulling force which is weakened by the restriction of "ceiling". In the face of the ceiling constraints of price and subsidy, the promotion of agricultural development should rely more on market forces and enhance the vitality of agricultural development by optimizing structure and improving quality and efficiency. The optimization of agricultural structure should have new ideas and mechanisms, from production-oriented to consumption-oriented, from road goods to brands, from simply thinking about cultivated land to facing the whole land and resources. To adapt to the development trend of the continuous increase in the proportion of animal husbandry in agriculture, speed up the promotion of the combination of agriculture and animal husbandry, and adjust the traditional dual planting structure of grain and cash crops to the ternary planting structure of grain, cash crops and feed crops. improve the efficiency of internal resource transformation and comprehensive operating income in agriculture. Introduce modern industrial organization methods such as industrial chain and value chain into agriculture to promote the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries. We will promote the integration of informatization and agricultural modernization, use big data to provide all-round services for new agricultural operators, and use new forms of e-commerce to promote "small products" with local characteristics to the national market.

The new capacity of high-standard farmland construction is used to hedge the capacity withdrawn as a result of eco-environmental governance. To regard sustainable ecological environment as an important goal of agricultural modernization, it is necessary to adjust the use of cultivated land in areas with serious pollution and groundwater overexploitation, implement a new round of returning farmland to forest and grassland, and implement cultivated land recuperation in an orderly manner. To withdraw from these "unhealthy production capacity", we should not only solve the problem of the long-term livelihood of farmers in the affected areas, but also avoid having a major impact on agricultural production throughout the country. For this reason, we must strengthen the quality of cultivated land and infrastructure construction, with further improving the utilization efficiency of agricultural soil and water resources as the core, focus on building high-standard farmland with flat land, fertile soil, concentrated and continuous land, perfect facilities, matching agricultural power, good ecology, and strong ability to resist disasters, especially to promote the reform of agricultural water rights system and water price, and use economic means to mobilize farmers' enthusiasm for developing water-saving irrigation.

Agricultural total factor productivity should be improved to deal with the reduction of agricultural inputs such as chemical fertilizers. In 2014, the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress to China's agriculture was 56%, more than 20 percentage points lower than that of developed countries, and there is still great potential to rely on scientific and technological progress to improve agricultural total factor productivity. On the one hand, improve the use efficiency of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and other inputs, reducing the amount does not reduce the efficiency. We should improve the level of scientific fertilization, carry out soil testing and formula fertilization according to soil characteristics and crop fertilizer requirements, and popularize the use of fertilizers with high concentration and good slow-release and controlled-release effect. We will actively carry out specialization and mechanization of crop diseases and insect pests, and develop and promote the application of varieties of pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residues. On the other hand, great efforts should be made to develop lightweight technologies with low materialization rate. We will expand and strengthen the modern seed industry and speed up the construction of agricultural biological breeding innovation and popularization and application system. We will strengthen the integrated innovation, popularization and application of science and technology in the fields of efficient cultivation, epidemic prevention and control, and water saving in agriculture. We will increase farmers' technical training and improve their scientific farming and livestock raising level.

Moderate scale operation is used to solve the problem of partial abandonment. As the main household labor force shifts to non-agricultural employment and the contribution of agriculture to the growth of household income decreases, some small-scale part-time farmers will choose extensive operation or even abandon. The problem of local abandonment should be resolved through moderate scale operation. We will promote the reform of the separation of ownership, contracting rights and management rights, speed up the pace of registration and certification of confirmed rights, make contractors rest assured to transfer their management rights, and allow operators to steadily engage in agricultural production. At the same time, a new type of professional farmer training project will be implemented. The development of moderate scale operation should take the family farm as the main form and "moderation" as the basic principle.