Promote the calculation of moderate scale of operation in accordance with local conditions

In recent years, with the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization in China, a large number of rural young and middle-aged labor force have been working in cities for a long time, a considerable number of rural land is no longer family management, land circulation has formed a new normal in rural society. To promote the healthy development of land transfer, the core problem lies in standardized, orderly and appropriate scale operation.

Calculation of appropriate scale

Standardization and order requires party committees and governments at all levels to guide and guide land transfer, and cadres at the rural level are the direct organizers of land transfer. Some leading cadres think that after the land is contracted to households, how to manage the land is a matter for the peasants themselves, which is a misunderstanding of irresponsibility and inaction.

Moderate scale operation of land is the essential requirement of economic law. Family farms, professional large households, farmers' cooperatives and leading enterprises are the main body of land circulation, and the scale of land management depends on his management ability. The scale of land management is restricted by capital, agricultural machinery and equipment, professional technology and necessary storage facilities and other production factors. Only when the scale of operation is matched with the ability of the main body of management can it be called moderate scale operation. If it exceeds the management capacity, it will be counterproductive. In practice, the blind pursuit of scale, "pony pulling cart" will lead to poor management. The investment in fixed assets is large, the operation scale is small, the production factors such as assets can not be used reasonably, and the benefit can not be maximized.

According to our calculation of the production factors and operation scale of various business entities in Tieling City, Liaoning Province, the family farm has 5 sets of small agricultural machinery worth more than 200000 yuan, which can guarantee its working area of 500-1000 mu. Must have at least 70% of their own agricultural machinery and tools, professional management personnel 1-2 people. The depreciation cost of fixed assets is 30 yuan per mu every year. In terms of the relationship between the land management scale of the family farm and the benefit per mu, taking planting corn as an example, the results show that the family farm needs 800000 yuan in fixed assets investment, and the circulation of at least 250mu of land can guarantee profits. When the operating scale is more than 1000 mu, the benefit of mu decreases, and the best profit space is 800-1000 mu.

At present, the situation of land transfer in Tieling is getting better and better. Before the land transfer, most farmers subcontracted to each other, the price is low, one package a year, in a state of disorderly transfer. In 2014, there were more organized and large-scale land transfers, with 1.56 million mu of land transferred in the city, accounting for 23% of the total. In the form of circulation, the best way to buy shares and guarantee bottom dividends is gradually pushed out. In the mode of operation is becoming more and more refined, some cooperatives divide the land into a number of work areas, division of labor and responsibility, clear responsibilities, remuneration on the basis of production, so that various factors of production have been rationally allocated.

Main practice

The main practices of Tieling City in promoting orderly land circulation and maintaining appropriate scale operation are as follows:

Establish a comprehensive property rights trading market in rural areas to solve the problem of non-standard land transfer. Tieling City established a rural comprehensive property rights trading market, focusing on farmers' contracted land management rights, forest rights, "four wasteland" use rights, agricultural production facilities and equipment to be listed and traded in the rural comprehensive property rights trading market. The market is managed by Tieling Rural Comprehensive property Rights Trading Center, which provides places, facilities, information release, organization and verification of property rights transactions for all kinds of property rights transactions in rural areas. After authenticated by the municipal rural comprehensive property rights transaction service center, with a variety of property rights use certificates, mortgage loans can be made to form a "transaction-authentication-mortgage" rural property rights transaction mode. Through the network platform and the national large-scale agricultural communication centers such as Beijing, Shanghai and Wuhan, the municipal agricultural communication center publishes Tieling rural property rights transaction information to the whole country, promotes land circulation and invigorates various rural resources.

Increase policy support to solve the problem of insufficient power of land transfer. Guide comprehensive agricultural development, land consolidation and other projects directly to farmers' cooperatives. For example, the rice cooperative of rich farmers in Diaobingshan City has developed paddy fields through land consolidation projects, from 1200 mu of land and 222households of members in 2009 to 19500 mu of land, 1400 households of members and 6 million yuan of fixed assets. We will comprehensively promote the mortgage loan business of land contractual management rights, and the Rural Credit Cooperatives, Agricultural Bank of China and Postal savings Bank will promote the mortgage loan model of land contractual management rights in Changtu County throughout the city, so as to solve the problem of loan difficulties for operators. In 2014, the city's land transfer loan was 170 million yuan, of which the contracted management right mortgage loan was 122 million yuan. We will actively strive for subsidy funds for large grain growers at and above the provincial level and support funds for cooperatives, with emphasis on land transfer.

Actively cultivate new business entities and solve the problem of who will farm the land. We will focus on cultivating new types of agricultural operators, give key support to cooperatives, family farms, large grain growers and leading enterprises, and guide operators to carry out appropriate-scale operations. Over the past few years, provinces and municipalities have provided 50 million yuan in support for cooperatives, and the municipal government has set aside 3 million yuan a year to support cooperatives under a very tight financial situation. The new main body of agricultural management not only solves the problem of who will farm the land, but also assumes more and more social management functions. With the assistance of the village committee, the Wanxin rice cooperative in Xintaizi Town, Tieling County, transferred 4000 mu of land in Xisanjiazi Village to the whole village. after the transfer, it rebuilt the field operation road, cancelled the small pond stem and increased the land working area of 160mu, thus improving the land utilization rate. Village roads, cultural squares and field work roads have all been improved, and the backward villages in the past have taken on a new look.

Tieling City insists on orderly circulation and moderate scale operation in the land circulation, and the city-wide land circulation has achieved remarkable results. Tieling City has an area of 8.2 million mu of arable land, of which 6.81 million mu are contracted by households. In 2014, the city's land transfer area was 2.6 million mu, accounting for 38% of the household contracted arable land area. Among them, 31 villages have realized the whole village scale transfer, and 48 villagers' groups have realized the whole group scale transfer, involving 13000 peasant households and 145000 mu of cultivated land. Organized land transfer of 1.56 million mu, large grain growers, family farms, cooperatives and leading enterprises have all formed large-scale cultivation, realizing the whole process of mechanization. The whole mechanization rate of rice is 94%, and that of corn is 78%.

Land transfer has liberated the rural surplus labor force, and the income of farmers has increased significantly. In 2014, the average price of land transfer is about 700yuan. Farmers can get land income of 10500 yuan (15 mu × 700yuan) and working income of 30,000 yuan per household. If the land is invested in farmers, the dividend income per mu is about 900 yuan. At the same time, the land utilization rate and output rate are improved. After the large-scale operation of the paddy field, breaking the original small pond stem of one household can increase the effective planting area by about 4%, and the planting area can be increased by 40 mu with 1000 mu of land. As a result of large-scale operation, new varieties and technologies can be widely used and grain output has been increased. In 2014, the new business main body represented by cooperatives had an average yield of 2000 jin per mu of corn and 1400 jin of rice per mu, which was 200 jin higher than that of retail investors.