Ministry of Agriculture issues Technical guidance on Peanut production in 2015

Oil expert guidance Group of the Ministry of Agriculture

National Agricultural Technology extension Service Center

(March 2015)

Peanut sowing is about to begin. The Oil expert guidance Group of the Ministry of Agriculture and the National Agricultural Technology extension Center have studied and put forward technical guidance for peanut production in 2015 according to this year's climatic characteristics.

I. selection of varieties according to local conditions

For spring sowing peanuts in northern China, mid-late maturity and large fruit varieties with high yield potential and growth period of 130-140 days were selected, wheat interplanting peanuts with early maturity and large fruit type with growth period of 120-130 days, summer direct seeding peanuts with early-maturing medium-fruit or small-fruit varieties with growth period of 115-125 days, and middle-fruit or large-fruit pearl bean varieties with growth period of about 120 days were selected for southern spring peanuts. According to soil, climate and market conditions, all localities should select special varieties with high yield and high quality, such as oil type, food processing type, export type and so on. When selecting varieties, it should be noted that the resistance of varieties is consistent with the occurrence characteristics of local disasters such as drought and waterlogging, diseases and pests, especially in the areas where bacterial wilt occurs (plots), and varieties with strong resistance should be selected in areas with serious fruit rot. In the producing areas with high degree of mechanical harvesting, varieties with concentrated results, good ripening consistency, good stalk toughness and suitable for mechanized harvesting should be selected.

Second, sowing seeds in a timely manner

Spring sowing of large peanuts in northern areas requires 5cm soil temperature above 15 ℃ and small peanuts above 12 ℃ to start sowing; wheat interplanting peanuts are generally interplanted 15-20 days before wheat harvest; summer direct seeding peanuts should be used to kill stubble after harvest, and stubble can also be used for stubble sowing and emergence in the sandy soil. When the ground temperature of 5cm is more than 12 ℃, the spring sowing peanuts in South China should sow seeds with a warm head and a cold tail. When sowing, the soil relative water content should be 70% and 75%, that is, the soil in the plough layer can be clustered with hands and rubbed loosely. The seeds were shelled 10-15 days before sowing and dried for 2-3 days before shelling, and the moldy, damaged and germinated seeds were removed. The seeds should be properly preserved before sowing to prevent moisture absorption from affecting the germination rate. Before sowing, Gaoqiao (60% imidacloprid seed coating agent) 30ml + Shilaoshi (2.5% chlorphenyronitrile) 25ml + water 250ml or Gaoqiao (60% imidacloprid) 30ml + Weifu (20% verapamil + 20% thiram) 40ml + water 250ml can effectively control soil-borne diseases (root rot, stem rot, crown rot, etc.) and underground pests. In the plots harvested by machinery, the matching of row spacing and machinery should be fully considered when sowing peanuts.

III. Scientific fertilization and watering

In principle, peanut fertilization should adhere to the use of more organic fertilizer, reduce the use of inorganic fertilizer as much as possible, and can also be combined with organic and inorganic fertilizer, quick-acting and slow-release combination, and skillfully apply functional fertilizer. Acid soil uses physiological alkaline calcium fertilizer such as lime, alkaline soil can apply physiological acid calcium fertilizer such as gypsum, and continuous cropping soil can increase lime nitrogen and biological bacterial fertilizer, which can significantly reduce the number of bacteria and insect eggs in soil, balance soil microorganism population and improve soil fertility. Spring peanut and summer peanut sown with sufficient moisture generally do not need watering at seedling stage, proper drought is beneficial to root development, improve plant drought and waterlogging resistance, shorten the first and second internodes, facilitate fruit needle binding, and increase satiety rate. Wheat interplanting peanut seedlings should be watered in time to protect seedlings. The middle growth stage (flowering needle stage and podding stage) is the most sensitive period for peanut to water, and it is also the period when the peanut needs the most water in its life. the drought in this period has a great influence on the yield. When the plant leaves wilt around noon, they should be watered in time. In case of drought in the late growth stage (full fruit stage), small water should be irrigated in time to prevent plant premature senescence and aflatoxin pollution. Irrigation should not be carried out during the period of high temperature, otherwise it is easy to cause rotten fruit. Peanut fields in the south should be unobstructed in three ditches to prevent waterlogging.

IV. Strengthening field management

First, release the seedlings and clear the branches in time. Where the film-covered peanut seedlings can not be unearthed automatically, the seedlings should be broken manually to release the seedlings. From the rosette stage (the main stem has 4 compound leaves), the lateral branches buried under the film should be checked and picked out in time to make them develop healthily and should be carried out 2-3 times before flowering. Second, timely ploughing and weeding. Wheat intercropping peanuts were carried out within 3-5 days after wheat harvest, and the ground was sprayed with 50% Acetochlor EC 120ml and 40-45kg per mu after intertillage. After sowing and covering soil, exposed peanuts were sprayed with Acetochlor on the ground. When peanuts are close to sealing ridges, it is necessary to cultivate soil through trenches between two rows of peanuts, such as clear ditches, soil pleasantries, fat waist of ridges and concave top of ridges, which is beneficial to fruit needles entering the soil and fruiting. The third is moderate chemical regulation. When the plant growth reached 30-35cm, the growth regulators such as paclobutrazol and uniconazole should be controlled, strictly according to the instructions for the use of regulators, and foliar spraying should be carried out before 10:00 or after 3 p.m. Spraying too little, can not play a role in controlling prosperity, spraying too much will make the plant leaves premature senescence and reduce yield.

Fifth, strengthen the prevention and control of diseases and pests

The main diseases in northeast peanut producing areas are leaf spot and net spot. In recent years, scab has become one of the new epidemic diseases in western Liaoning. The main diseases and insect pests in Huang-Huai peanut producing areas are root rot, leaf spot, net spot and grub; the main peanut diseases in the Yangtze River valley are leaf spot and bacterial wilt, and scab occurs frequently in recent years; in southern peanut producing areas, leaf spot, bacterial wilt, rust and scab are the main diseases. Key points of control: leaf spot and net spot disease can be sprayed with 32.5% amimicol (20% pyrimidin + 12.5% difenoconazole) 2000 times or Baitai (60% pyrazolyl ∙) about 75-80 days after sowing, once every 10-14 days, 30 kg per mu. Scab can be sprayed with 1000 times of difenoconazole (difenoconazole) or 1000 times of methyl topiramate twice at the beginning of flowering, every 7 to 10 days. Root rot and grub can be treated with Gaoqiao (60% imidacloprid seed coating agent) 30ml + Shile (2.5% chlorphenil) 25ml + water 250ml or Gaoqiao (60% imidacloprid seed dressing agent) 30ml + Weifu (20% verapamil + 20% thiram) 40ml + water 250ml seed 15kg. It is best to select peanut varieties with high resistance to bacterial wilt and rust.