What are the grain farmers thinking? Grow more than 100 mu of grain, and the benefit is considerable.

Words to open the column: in order to further consolidate the achievements of the Party's mass line education practice and carry forward the agricultural sector's good style of hard struggle, serving "agriculture, rural areas and farmers", seeking truth, pragmatism, honesty and efficiency, a few days ago, for the fifth year in a row, the Ministry of Agriculture organized a "survey of ten thousand households in a hundred townships" and dispatched 27 investigation teams composed of more than 100 cadres and scientific and technological personnel. In two batches, we went to various parts of the country to carry out an one-month investigation activity of stationing in townships and entering villages.

At present, the investigation activities are being carried out in an orderly manner. They go to the grass-roots level to publicize various policies that benefit farmers, listen to the voices of the people with their hearts, and capture the changes of the times with cameras. Starting from today, this newspaper has launched the column "from the investigation of thousands of households in a hundred townships to the decision-making on the desk" column, which presents the fresh records obtained by the investigation team to the broad masses of readers one after another. Please stay tuned.

Who is growing grain in the countryside? Where does the enthusiasm for growing grain come from? What will ensure food security in the future? With these problems, the Hunan investigation team of 100 townships of the Ministry of Agriculture went deep into six villages in Yong'an Town and Beisheng Town, Liuyang City, and visited more than 70 ordinary farmers and major grain growers to listen to their voices.

"if you grow six or seven mu of grain, don't worry about eating it yourself."

When he met Yu Xinming in Pingtou Village, Yongan Town, he was feeding pigs in his pigsty. "I am 62 years old this year, and no one wants to go out to work. If I stay in the village and have nothing to do, I will concentrate on serving six or seven mu of land, grow some vegetables, and raise two pigs and dozens of chickens." Good at talking enthusiastically with the investigation team.

"I don't farm to sell grain for money. I mainly try to save myself by eating." According to reports, old per mu of land can produce 12300 jin of medium rice and 80 to 90 jin of rape oil, which will yield an income of about 1700 yuan per mu according to the market price.

Someone in the village wanted to rent his land, but he didn't agree. He felt that he was still strong, and there would be no problem with planting the land for another three years. "wait until you can't do it anymore."

"to be idle is to be idle, anyway, it doesn't take much work, and it's convenient to eat what you grow. This is also the original intention of most retail investors." Zhang Ye, a member of the investigation team, said. "it is better to grow a hundred and eighty mu of grain than to go out to work."

Zhang Yuanke, a farmer in Yanwuzhou Village, Beisheng Town, began to transfer 100 mu of land to grow double-cropping rice at a unit price of 400 yuan per mu last year. I have tractors, tillers and harvesters. Apart from raising seedlings and transplanting seedlings by another large family, the farm work in the field is basically done mechanically with my wife. The rice yield in the two seasons has reached 1900 jin, with a net income of 700,800 yuan per mu of land, with a total income of more than 70,000 yuan.

He calculated the account for the investigation team: "if you work in a nearby industrial park, a person can only earn 40,000 yuan at most. Now he earns 70,000 to 80,000 yuan from farming, and he can still take care of his family, which is cheaper than working."

This year he transferred another 100 mu of land. "with more grain, there is an urgent need for a loan to buy a dryer to solve the problem of rice drying." "as long as the land is flat and mechanized, and his wife and his wife can grow 300 to 400 mu of land, they should no longer want to go out to work." Zhang Yuanke is full of confidence.

"as long as the income is good, someone will certainly go back to their hometown to work for farming. now, we need to earn at least NT $5,000 to NT $6,000 a month." Zhang Linna, a member of the investigation team, said.

"if you grow more than 100 mu of grain, the benefit is considerable."

Wang Deqing, 42, from the same village as Yu Xinming, turned out to be a big farmer of agricultural machinery, mainly providing agricultural machinery operations for others. Last year, we leased 300 mu of land to grow double-cropping rice at a transfer fee of 500 yuan per mu. In addition to rice income, we can also make money by helping people plough and harvest, with an annual income of 400000 yuan.

He believes that growing 100 mu can only earn 70,000 to 80,000 yuan, which is about the same as the original income from only operating agricultural machinery. "it's nothing to do. Only by going to 400 to 500 mu can you really make money." This is also the consensus of most large grain growers, most of whom have changed from big agricultural machinery farmers, and their expectations are different from those of ordinary farmers.

The local general situation is that excluding the transfer cost, the income of large households is about 700 yuan per mu, and a scale of more than 200 mu is needed to grow grain to be really attractive to large agricultural machinery families and migrant farmers.

Liu Yunze, a member of the investigation team, told reporters: "the benefit of farming will not be abandoned, but the benefit lies in the scale. If the planting scale reaches 150,200 mu, the problem of who will cultivate the land can be solved. The basis of scale is mechanization, if the machinery can not enter the field, there is no money and no one is in circulation. " He believes that there is an urgent need to further strengthen farmland leveling and build mechanized ploughing roads to create conditions for mechanical operations.

"growing thousands of mu of grain is better than running a factory."

Cao Xiuyao, a farmer in Wulong Community, Beisheng Town, launched the Beisheng Zhongyi Agricultural Machinery Service Co-operative in 2008. He was the first person in Liuyang to engage in the socialized service of agricultural machinery. In recent years, it has gradually changed from a large agricultural machinery household to a major grain grower, and the area of transferred land has gradually expanded from 300mu in 2012 to 1200 mu in 2014, and further expanded to 1700 mu this year, carrying out full mechanization operations.

Through continuous exploratory experiments, Lao Cao summed up the planting structure of "mainly planting double-cropping rice, a small part of single-cropping rice and rape", and the double-cropping rice planting model of "main direct seeding of early rice + main mechanical planting of late rice", through technical means to reduce risks, control costs, increase yield and increase benefits. Last year, according to the on-site yield measurement by experts from the Municipal Bureau of Agriculture, the yield of double-cropping rice in ordinary fields reached 2061.3 jin per mu, the average net profit per mu was 1211 yuan, and the annual income of the whole family exceeded 1.1 million yuan.

The income of Lao Cao is much higher than that of ordinary large households, first, because the land cost of early circulation is low; second, the cost of planting early rice direct seeding is 70%, saving 200 yuan per mu; and third, the output in place is two to three hundred jin higher than that of ordinary large households. He believes that grain can be purchased at a protective price, and there is no market risk, and as long as the technology passes, there is still money to be made, especially on a certain scale, and the benefit is even more considerable.

"the possibility of transferring land without growing grain is very low." Kong Liang, a member of the investigation team, said. From Liuyang, the net income per mu of planting medium rice + rape is 600 yuan higher than that of double-cropping rice, but there are few large households, especially those with an area of more than 500 mu. The big accounts are clear: the rice country is open to acquisition and there is no price risk; rapeseed cannot be stored and must be squeezed as soon as possible. No one here collects rapeseed, and there is no way to sell it on a large scale after squeezing the oil.

Kong Liang believes that the same is true of other cash crops, where the market risk is extremely high, making a lot of money when the benefit is good, and losing all the money when the benefit is poor. Large families would rather earn a few hundred yuan less than choose a variety that can earn thousands more but with high risk.