China develops family farms to promote proper circulation of rural land

Since the beginning of the new century, with the continuous development of China's economy, the decentralized management model of small households based on the household contract responsibility system can no longer meet the needs of the development of productive forces. Moderate scale management has become the only way for China's agricultural development in the future. The opinions on guiding the orderly transfer of Rural Land Management Rights to develop moderate scale Agriculture (hereinafter referred to as "opinions") issued by the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council pointed out that it is necessary to "focus on cultivating family farms with family members as the main labor force, agriculture as the main source of income, and engaged in specialized and intensive agricultural production. Make it an effective force to lead moderate scale operation and develop modern agriculture. This fully affirms the role of the family farm system in changing the small and scattered management pattern of China's agriculture and enhancing agricultural vitality, and points out the direction for the development of China's agricultural modernization in the future.

Family farm is a new type of microeconomic organization based on family management, which implements specialized production, social cooperation and large-scale management. it is an important organizational form of agricultural modernization. This model has developed rapidly in both developed and developing countries, and has evolved into different forms of expression.

At present, China's agriculture is in a historical period of profound adjustment of industrial structure and profound changes in rural areas, and agricultural production organization modes that meet the requirements of appropriate scale operation and meet the needs of agricultural development are constantly emerging. Since the family farm was first mentioned in the Central No. 1 document in 2013, the development model of family farm has been continuously explored, and five classic models have emerged, such as Ningbo in Zhejiang, Songjiang in Shanghai, Yanbian in Jilin, Wuhan in Hubei and Langxi in Anhui. As of 2012, there are 877000 family farms in China, with an average size of 200.2 mu and an average income of 184700 yuan. Generally speaking, the development of family farms can effectively promote the moderate circulation of rural land from four aspects:

It is helpful to standardize the circulation procedure and protect the rights and interests of farmers. The biggest difference between family farms and family farmers lies in whether they have a certain ability of resource management and coordination. The family farm has the independent legal person status, and its operator has the enterprise legal person management consciousness of independent operation. Family farmers will try their best to use legal means to regulate the procedure of farm land transfer so as to avoid affecting their own development due to land disputes. This move of family farmers also protects the rights and interests of farmers and eliminates the hidden dangers of disputes in the form of oral agreements and tacit operation.

It is helpful to raise the circulation price and activate the circulation market. Family farm is the unity of agricultural production decision-makers and producers, which can respond to changeable and uncontrollable production links in time, and can effectively improve the efficiency of agricultural production. At the same time, the family farm system can make use of family affection and morality to reduce the cost of production supervision and increase the income of agricultural production. In order to make long-term economic profits, family farmers have the incentive to raise transfer prices to stabilize the source of land. At the same time, with the continuous expansion of the scale of family farms, land has also become an important resource for operators, which will further stimulate the circulation market and provide market support for the establishment of a standardized circulation platform.

It is helpful to consolidate the trust between the two sides and strengthen the supervision of use. The land leased by the family farm is leased by the operators by means of geography, consanguinity and other relationships, and has the mutual trust established because of the local relationship. At the same time, because of this local relationship, the outflow of land can effectively supervise the use of the land it owns. In addition to government monitoring, this adds another guarantee for the supervision of land use.

It is beneficial to increase agricultural input and develop modern agriculture. Family farms have relatively clear property rights, stable income and special assets. Compared with traditional farmers, it is easier to obtain technical and financial support for the development of modern agriculture. At the same time, because of the characteristics of the integration of production and sales, family farms will bear higher breach of contract costs when participating in market competition, which is helpful for operators to break the bondage of traditional small-scale farmers' opportunism and consciously break through the limitations of traditional agriculture. speed up the process of agricultural modernization in China.

The production and management mode of family farm is more in line with the needs of China's agricultural and rural development at the present stage. Because of its unique advantages, this system can make up for the shortcomings of other types of agricultural production models. However, at present, China's family farm is still in its infancy, and the road of development has a long way to go. The government and all sectors of society need to make efforts in the following aspects:

Speed up the process of ascertaining land rights. The clarity of land ownership is not only the basis of land transfer, but also the cornerstone of family farm development, but farmers do not have a clear understanding of land ownership, contract right and management right, which seriously affects the development of land transfer mode. The confirmation of land rights and the issuance of "three certificates" (the right to the use of contracted land, the right to the use of homestead, the property rights of houses built by farmers on homestead, and the three certificates corresponding to the three rights) can effectively clarify property rights and strengthen farmers' consciousness. enhance farmers' bargaining power in the land market and provide important support for the moderate circulation of rural land and the development of family farms.

Improve the social security system in rural areas. Due to the limitations of economic development in rural areas and the lack of rural social security, farmers are unwilling to transfer the contracted land for fear of losing the final guarantee of land, which seriously hinders the exploration of the form of rural land transfer. Therefore, the government needs to further improve the social security system, improve the social assistance mechanism, encourage the development of commercial insurance, relieve farmers' worries, and provide adequate market supply for moderate land transfer.

Support the healthy development of family farms. The family farm system can effectively promote the moderate circulation of rural land and agricultural modernization, so the government can encourage the development of family farms through the support of policies and funds. The development of family farms needs a lot of funds to meet the needs of agricultural infrastructure construction and modern agricultural investment, but limited by the imperfect rural financial system, the lack of funds has become a bottleneck restricting the development of family farms in our country. For this reason, the government needs to speed up the process of promoting the property rights of land property rights and improve rural financial mechanisms such as mortgage, guarantee and credit, so as to solve the financing problem of family farm operators.

Establish a socialized service system for agriculture. At present, the overall level of China's agricultural socialized service system is still low, the construction lags behind, and there is a certain deviation between the service content and the needs of production. The backward social service system has become a key factor restricting the faster and better development of family farms in our country. Therefore, the government and all sectors of society should make joint efforts to establish and improve the socialized service system of agriculture in our country. to provide agriculture, rural areas and farmers with all-round services such as agricultural science and technology research and development, agricultural product supply and marketing, agricultural credit and vertical integration operation, in order to promote the development of family farm specialized production mode.