How can the 13th five-year Plan draw a blueprint for building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way?

The 13th five-year Plan is an important "window period" for China's economic transformation and upgrading. The key to achieving the goal of an all-round well-off society lies in the 13th five-year Plan, and the key to building an innovative country is also in the 13th five-year Plan.

Yu Zhengsheng, chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese people's political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), said in his work report at the two sessions of the National Committee this year that in 2015, the CPPCC will closely follow the reform and development suggestions and make suggestions on political discussions around the formulation of the 13th five-year Plan for national economic and social development as the focus of performing their duties throughout the year.

During the two sessions, a reporter from China Economic Weekly interviewed a number of CPPCC members to make suggestions and suggestions for the 13th five-year Plan in the fields of science and technology, agriculture, finance, transportation, environmental protection, and service industries.

Qi Rang, deputy director of the Human Resources Environment Committee of the CPPCC National Committee and director of the decision-making consultation Special Committee of the China Association for Science and Technology:

Bring the index of "citizens with basic scientific quality" into the 13th five-year Plan

The 18th CPC National Congress put forward the implementation of innovation-driven development strategy, the core of which is to promote the close integration of scientific and technological innovation with economic and social development, the key is to enhance the ability of independent innovation, and the basis is to improve the scientific literacy of the whole people.

In August 2014, I led the team, and members of the CPPCC National Committee conducted research around "implementing the innovation-driven development strategy and making suggestions for the 13th five-year Plan." In the survey, it is found that there are still many problems in the implementation of innovation-driven development strategy, such as the uneven development of the implementation of scientific literacy of the whole people, and the imbalance in the allocation of scientific and technological resources, especially the low proportion of investment in basic research. the ability of original innovation is weak.

The opinions on deepening the Reform of the Science and Technology system and speeding up the Construction of the National Innovation system issued by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council in September 2012 clearly requires that by 2015, "more than 5% of our citizens have basic scientific quality." This goal should be achieved.

The so-called basic scientific quality of citizens means that they understand the necessary scientific and technological knowledge, master basic scientific methods, establish scientific thinking, advocate scientific spirit, and have the ability to scientifically judge and deal with practical problems and participate in public affairs.

For example, in recent years, under the premise that our country is faced with a large number of imports of PX, some places have successively caused a number of large-scale group incidents in the process of PX project construction because the public firmly believes that "PX is highly toxic" and other reasons, and fall into the embarrassing situation of "stop as soon as it happens", bringing huge losses to the country. The construction of nuclear power plants and waste incineration power generation projects are all facing a similar situation. For example, after a nuclear leak caused by a magnitude 9.0 earthquake in Japan in 2011, China unexpectedly set off a shocking rush to buy salt. The essential problem reflected by these phenomena is that the scientific quality of our citizens needs to be improved.

Therefore, we suggest that the target of more than 10% of citizens with basic scientific literacy by 2020 be included in the 13th five-year Plan, the implementation of the outline of scientific literacy of the whole people and the achievement of the goal of building the scientific literacy of citizens will be included in the performance assessment of relevant departments and local governments.

In addition to improving the basic scientific quality of citizens, it is also very important to increase funding for basic research. By 2020, we want to build a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way and enter the ranks of innovative countries. There are so many goals to achieve, and basic research is the source. The key to improve the ability of original innovation lies in basic research. Our country's scientific research funds have also been increasing over the years, but the proportion of basic research funds to the whole society's research and experimental development funds is basically hovering around 5%. In developed countries, the figure is generally more than 15%. If this ratio does not go up, we will have no stamina for innovation.

It is suggested that the central finance should increase the basic, strategic and frontier basic research, and on the basis of the existing investment, the research funding will gradually increase by one percentage point every year, reaching more than 10% of the research and experimental development funds of the whole society by 2020.

Dai Gongxing, member of the CPPCC National Committee and president of the China Cotton Association:

Rural finance is empty talk if there is no government support.

The 13th five-year Plan period is an important period for comprehensively deepening rural reform and promoting the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. In order to complete the transformation and upgrading of agriculture, we must speed up the construction of a new agricultural management system, and in this system, the most important thing is to cultivate and construct a new type of agricultural management main body. encourage the development of professional large households, family farms, professional cooperatives, agricultural industrialization leading enterprises and other forms of peasant cooperation, at the same time encourage industrial and commercial capital to the countryside to develop modern agriculture.

In this process, it is necessary to strengthen top-level design and policy guidance, and carry out it in a positive, standardized and orderly manner.

To build a socialized service system for agriculture, financial services are very important. Over the years, there have been calls to solve the problem of rural financial services, but the situation has not been effectively improved. Rural credit cooperatives and other financial institutions that used to serve rural areas have gone to the city and alienated into commercial financial institutions; other agriculture-related financial organizations are also difficult to provide effective services for farmers because of their business objectives, including operating outlets and other reasons.

To solve the problem of rural financial services, I think that on the one hand, we should rely on formal finance and strive to establish a financial support system for rural services, including banks, trust guarantees, leases, insurance, futures, agricultural industrial funds, etc.; on the other hand, we should support the development of rural cooperative finance. There is also a key point, the solution of rural finance must have the intervention and support of the government, including tax relief, discount policy, risk compensation mechanism and so on. Otherwise, solving the problem of rural financial services is ultimately just empty talk.

In order to meet the new requirements of building a new agricultural management system and realizing agricultural modernization, it is necessary to reconstruct the government's support system for agriculture and guarantee it through the legislation of the National people's Congress on the basis of continuous improvement. At present, it is necessary to reform the method of "decentralized payment" in the past, coordinate and merge all kinds of agriculture-related funds, and take the promotion of the development of new business entities and appropriate scale operation as the focus of financial expenditure on supporting agriculture. It is necessary to give full play to the guiding role of financial funds and drive more investment of social funds.

China's agricultural modernization must be realized by generations of new farmers, so human cultivation should be placed in an important position. The funds used to support agriculture must be partly used for expenditure in this regard. First, we will vigorously implement a new type of scientific and technological training project for farmers and train professional farmers around leading industries and characteristic industries. The second is to focus on strengthening the cultivation of new types of agricultural operators, such as professional large households, family farms, farmers' cooperatives and other backbone agricultural operations, so that they can become new farmers who understand technology, management, and vision.