Why "semi-ploughing" promotes urbanization

The part-time farming mode refers to the family reproduction and economic reproduction mode based on the intergenerational division of labor in which the offspring go out to work and the father works at home, which is the main way of livelihood of rural families in general agricultural areas so far. the part-time ploughing model is an institutional arrangement with Chinese characteristics. The way that the father farmed the land at home and the children went out to work actually promoted the steady urbanization. Why does the father's farming at home promote the development of urbanization?

I. "part-time work" of rural youth

The children work abroad to earn monetary income, and the young couple work together. According to the monthly income of 5000 yuan, there is 60, 000 yuan a year. Excluding basic living and renting, there is a surplus of 30, 000 to 40, 000 yuan. It is mainly used to pay for children's education, human exchange consumption, purchase of old-age insurance, general living consumption, medical treatment and investment reproduction. According to the survey, children's education is often a large expenditure. The reason is that the quality of education in rural schools is poor, and farmers with better conditions will choose to rent houses in counties and towns to take their children to study, while those with poorer conditions will choose boarding schools, which not only increases expenditure, but also requires labor accompany. It is well known that there is a heavy burden on human feelings, and it is normal to spend 10,000 yuan a year. In this way, the husband and wife are lucky to work and work more overtime, so they can have a certain balance every year, and with better luck, they can buy a house in the county town by working.

The offspring correspond to the rural youth group, which is mainly composed of two parts: one is the new generation of migrant workers, who work abroad all the year round and can not go home several times a year. The income is about 2000 to 5000 yuan, and there are more people with an income of about 2000 yuan, but it is unstable. Second, rural college graduates, this group is mostly known as the "ant tribe" in the city, living in the city, the job may be more decent, but the income is not high.

These two groups have the demand and impulse to go to the city, but it takes many years to buy a house, settle down and settle down in the city. It is impossible for this group for the whole family to go to the city. At most, it is the small nuclear family that goes to the city. But in terms of their income, it is not so easy for even small nuclear families to enter the city. The new generation of migrant workers still need to return home, and most of them go to county towns or nearby small cities. It is also very difficult for rural college students to enter big cities at once, most of them move in second-and third-tier cities or county towns, or work in big cities and settle down in small cities. At present, homecoming and gradient mobility enable rural youth groups to remain basically stable.

In other words, "half-work" is not a steady-state mode, and both homecoming and gradient flows are unstable. Whether it is the army of the new generation of migrant workers or the group of college students who work in rural areas, these two parts of rural youth are in a state of mobility and need their parents to provide necessary support in their hometown. If their parents are unable to provide support, it is very difficult for them to start a family, and even if they form a family, it is easy to break up.

Second, the significance of "semi-ploughing" of the father's generation.

The reality is that parents do stay in the village to provide all kinds of support to their children. This kind of urban-rural dual structure in the family is very common, that is, the offspring live in the city and the father lives in the countryside. When fathers farm in their hometown, they do not need or expect their offspring to provide for the aged, and at the same time, they also provide all kinds of help to the offspring who go to the city. When the children need their fathers to look after their children, the fathers can go to the city for a period of time, and some of them directly leave their children to live in their hometown in the countryside. The harvest of the father's farming at home, grain, oil, rice, noodles and meat are often given to the children who go to the city. It is difficult for the father to go to the city to have sufficient jobs, and the city can not provide relevant social security at present. Even if they do go to the city, most of them can only become consumer groups. Fathers see the pressure of their children living in the city and are unwilling to go to the city to spend their children's money.

Fathers stay in their hometown in the countryside. According to the actual situation in rural areas, they mainly do three things: one is to cultivate land, the second is to build houses, and the third is to take care of children. "I can't be idle for a moment." It is most touching to talk to people in their 50s or so in the countryside, who will say, "as you get older, you get busier and busier." At the age of 40, he will prepare the bride price for his son's marriage, build a building, and when his son's marriage is over, he will have to take care of the children and pay off the debt owed by building a building or buying a commercial house. when he is 60, he will save money for his old age. Few of them expect to rely on their children to provide for the aged, even if their children have a higher income in the city, but they all know that their children are under a lot of social competitive pressure.

Fathers staying in the countryside can create great productivity, but it cannot be measured by GDP. Almost every peasant family needs and can benefit from it. It may not show that the father stays in the village, but as soon as the father follows his offspring to the city, a lot of inconvenience and high consumption will immediately become apparent. Apart from the huge expenditure on providing for the aged and medical care, the role that the elderly can play in rural areas is all invalid. they not only cannot provide any support to their children, but also need their children to take care of them everywhere. No matter how hard and tired they are in the countryside, they feel that they have lived a meaningful life in a society of acquaintances for decades, and they will become depressed within a few days of living in the city. So ask several old people in the village whose children have settled in the city, why their grandchildren are left in the village when they are a few months old, can't you go to the city for a few months? They will say that the consumption in the city is high, and the house is so small that they can't bear to stay at home for a few months. City life is beautiful, but ask the elderly in the countryside, few people are willing to live in the city.

If there are no old people in their hometown, the young couple must have one person to take care of the children at home, which will undoubtedly make the life of the rural youth even worse. Many of the children of such families are divorced or even divorced many times. If the elderly follow their children to the city and exceed the burden limit of the family, it is bound to cause a lot of family conflicts and make the elderly unhappy.

At this point, we can see that the semi-ploughing of the father has played an irreplaceable role. First of all, provide security for their children to get married, prepare the necessary betrothal gifts for their marriage, build houses for them or provide part of the money to buy commercial housing. Secondly, in the initial stage of the family life cycle of the offspring, children can be raised for the offspring, so that young couples can feel at ease to work and start a business in the city. Third, because they own land in the village, they can provide for the aged by themselves.

III. Necessary conditions for steady urbanization

Migrant workers go to the city, one side is the countryside, the other is the city. Settling down in the city cannot be achieved in one step, and it takes two generations or more to accumulate. Even after entering the city, it does not mean that the other end of the countryside can be completely discarded. The offspring family needs the support of the father, and the father needs and can only get basic living security in the village.

At present, in order to promote the process of urbanization, many local governments blindly encourage large-scale land circulation and promote land marketization. The logical starting point is that half-farming is inefficient, and half-farming hinders the speed of urbanization. To force farmers into the city like ducks on the shelves. Unexpectedly, it is semi-ploughing that makes urbanization enter the steady-state mode, which enables the youth army to enter the city smoothly through "part-time workers". The rural youth group is the main force in the current urbanization force, whether it is the new generation of migrant workers or college students, or from a family, we can draw the conclusion that part-time farming promotes the development of urbanization. Among them, semi-ploughing is indispensable and important.

From this point of view, although semi-ploughing is to keep the father in the countryside for farming and farming, it has actually promoted the urbanization of the descendants, and the urbanization has been promoted steadily. It is wise to allow the father to stay in the village, and it may be better to stay than to wander in the city or enter the urban "slums". Part-time ploughing is the secret of China's steady urbanization, in which half-farming is a necessary condition for steady urbanization. This is also in line with the concept of orderly urbanization and human urbanization advocated by the central government, and realizes the vision of promoting the city by the township, leading the township by the city, and the interaction between urban and rural areas.