"Who will plant the land" is breaking the topic "successors" can appear in large numbers

Through the continuous efforts of all parties, the new agricultural management system characterized by intensification, specialization, organization and socialization is advancing rapidly, and a large number of new professional farmers begin to emerge. Although the overall quantity is not dominant, they play an increasingly prominent role and influence in agricultural management. in particular, the family farms, professional cooperatives, farmers' professional cooperatives and agricultural leading enterprises set up with them as the main body have formed the basic pattern of the new agricultural management system of our country. The formation of this pattern shows that modern agriculture is advancing rapidly.

Spring struggle, summer struggle, spring ploughing is advancing from south to north in the first "important drama" of spring. As in previous years, grabbing agriculture has always been a constant rhythm at the feet of grain growers; unlike in previous years, spring ploughers in the fields are increasingly changing from old farmers to more confident and younger new farmers.

The accelerated growth of new farmers not only rewrites China's traditional farming pattern, but also marks the gradual formation of a new agricultural management system vigorously promoted in recent years, and the worrying problem of "who will farm the land" is stepping up efforts to solve.

New farmers have both old and new faces.

With the situation of farming getting better, local talented people gradually joined the ranks of family farms, professional cooperatives and professional cooperatives, becoming the main force of new farmers.

Who are the new farmers? In Pingtou Village, Yongan Town, Liuyang City, Hunan Province, Chen Genhua, 53, is an old farmer who has been farming all his life. But he said he was also a new farmer. Chen Genhua is an old farmer. Last year, he rented 180 mu of farmland for farming, and this year he rented another 120 mu, making him the largest grower in the village. "in any case, I am a new farmer." He said.

New farmers like Chen Genhua, who are "machine hands + farmers", belong to local talents. In the countryside, most of the local talented people have a skill, or have served in villages and towns, village committees, strong ability, vision, and can earn money. With the continuous strengthening of agricultural support policies and the gradual improvement of the farming situation, local capable people have gradually joined the ranks of family farms, professional large families and professional cooperatives, becoming the main force of new farmers and showing their skills in their respective fields. Cao Xiudao, a big grower adjacent to Chen Genhua, was once a famous agricultural mechanic, and now his family farm has more than 800 mu of land. Hua Fuchang of Erdun Village, Tianchang City, Anhui Province, once served as the director of the village committee. In 2009, he established the Sangpohu Rice Cooperative and transferred more than 3000 mu of land.

Another main body of the new farmer is the able person who returns to his hometown. Most of the capable people who return to their hometown have worked, done business, or even set up factories. Driven by policy influence and efficiency, they return to their hometown to engage in large-scale cultivation or processing of agricultural products. Because they understand the market, can manage, and have the courage, the capable people who return to their hometown have brought new business ideas and technical means. Ling Jihe, a big grower in Xilu Village, Anyi County, Jiangxi Province, returned to the village in 2009 and saw that a lot of land could not be rented out, so he decided not to go out any more and concentrate on being a farmer. Now his planting cooperative has transferred a total of 18000 mu of arable land. Similarly, Liu Donghua, chairman of Donghua Farm of Shandong Feicheng High-tech Zone, gave up doing business and went home to farm in 2007. Now his farm size has reached more than 1500 mu, and he is very busy.

Compared with most of the capable people are old faces, another group of new farmers is really new faces. They are young and inexperienced, but they have knowledge and courage, and they are a new type of professional farmers who are growing up. Yao Zhihui, chairman of Zhaofeng Plant Protection Service Cooperative in Hongze County, Jiangsu Province, became a village official after graduating from university in 2007 and later stayed in the countryside. now her cooperative has more than 120 members and serves nearly 20,000 mu of farmland. Zhang Chao, a 30-year-old graduate student from Sichuan Agricultural University, contracted 200 mu of land in Zhujia Township, Renshou County four years ago to conduct a cultivation experiment. His experimental field has a higher yield than the surrounding area and is very popular with farmers. Zeng Fangui, chairman of the Songmuping Grain and Oil Professional Cooperative in Yidu City, Hubei Province, directly asked his two sons to be successors, one in charge of farming and the other in management, and the whole family are new farmers.

The "old farmers" are constantly quitting, and there will be a long process for the coexistence of the new and the old.

Depending on the appropriate scale, the new farmers are resolving the contradiction between "how to cultivate the land" and "who will farm the land". With the help of new technology, farming is no longer hard work for old farmers.

The rapid growth of new farmers means that old farmers are gradually withdrawing. However, the withdrawal of old farmers is different. Zhu Xinren, a villager of Zhufang Village, Nanchang County, Jiangxi Province, is 52 years old and his family has 5 mu of contracted land. In the past, he went out to work and his lover worked at home. In 2012, he took the initiative to rent out the land, and both husband and wife worked. Zhu Xinren is a typical old farmer at present. This kind of old farmers are not very old, they have always been professional workers, the possibility of settling down in the city is very small, and they do not have the will and ability to go back to the village to cultivate land, so they take the initiative to rent out the land, on the one hand, they have a share of income, and on the other hand, they leave a way back for their old age.

In addition to professional workers, most part-time farmers also take the initiative to transfer contracted land. They usually work nearby and go home for a few days when the farmers are busy. But with the passage of time, more and more people choose to transfer land. Ji Changfeng in Fuhu Village, Huigu Town, Suzhou City, Anhui Province, has 10 mu of land at home, which is usually planted by his lover and the elderly, and he helps when he is busy. In 2012, he rented the land to a local cooperative for 900 jin of wheat per mu. In their village, almost all the villagers' farmland has been rented out.

Other farmers who take the initiative to transfer their land, some go to cities with their families, some live with their children in their old age, some do not need to cultivate land when their conditions improve, and some are unwilling to do so. However, on the whole, the farmers who stay on the cultivated land are still in the majority. Due to the widespread use of agricultural machinery and the expansion of agricultural social services, farmers no longer need to work hard and become easier. In Shandong, Henan, Hebei, and other major agricultural provinces, local cadres said that the area of transferred land can account for more than 1/3 of the contracted land area, while this is basically the case in other provinces and regions, and the "self-farmers" are still the majority.

The situation of "self-farmers" is very different. In some agricultural areas with better economic benefits, the income from farming is higher, and farmers are willing to keep their contracted land. The benefit of planting garlic in Jinxiang, Shandong Province is good, and the vast majority of farmers are willing to cultivate their own land. Growing citrus in Honghuatao Town, Yidu, Hubei Province is good, although most orange farmers are over 50 years old. Even in Shandong, Anhui, Hubei and other grain producing areas, there are not a small number of self-growing farmers. Jia Weitao, a big family in Hutun Town, Feicheng City, Shandong Province, told reporters that there are many large families who want to rent land, but more villagers are willing to grow their own. In addition, some farmers lack skills, and in addition to odd jobs, they rely on farming to increase their income; some farmers rely on contracted land to provide food and vegetables for their families; and some farmers regard farming as a way of life.

The coexistence of new farmers and old farmers constitutes the basic pattern of agricultural production in China. Relying on appropriate scale and new technology, new farmers are resolving the contradiction between "how to cultivate the land" and "who will farm the land". With the help of new technology, farming is no longer hard work for old farmers. Liao Xinghua, chairman of Huimin Agricultural Machinery Professional Cooperative in Guanghan City, Sichuan Province, said that most of the cultivated land will gradually be transferred to "new professional farmers", but there will be a long process for the coexistence of new and old farmers.

Whether a large number of "successors" can appear depends on the benefits of farming and other factors.

There are many factors that determine whether the "second generation of farmers" will take over or not, but the first factor is the benefit of farming. The agricultural environment also affects the speed and number of "new farmers" entering.

In Xuwei Township, Huaiyuan County, Anhui Province, Shang Yue, 50, is the largest farmer in the county. The agricultural machinery professional cooperative led by him has transferred more than 10,000 mu of land, and the villagers have followed him in farming. Shang Yue's eldest son is in graduate school, and his younger son has been farming with him after graduating from college, and now he is good at computers and agricultural machinery. "the shift will be fully handed over in a few years." Shang Yue said.

Father-son partners like Shang Yue are already common in the countryside. Most major professionals have chosen to let their sons inherit their father's work, and some even let their children go to enterprises to study modern management first. In Hua Fuchang, Tianchang City, Anhui Province, his son has been working in the factory. Now, Lao Hua is ready to let him come back to work as a farmer. Among the new type of professional farmers, the old faces dominated by capable people occupy an important position, and to a large extent, they solve the problem of "who will farm the land", while the return of the "second generation of farmers" will continue to resolve or even thoroughly solve the problem of "who will farm the land."

There are many factors that determine whether the "second generation of farmers" will take over or not, but the first factor is the benefit of farming. Some ordinary farmers say that the main reason is that the "second generation of farmers" jumped out of the "peasant door" and could not make money from farming. However, for a large-scale grower, even if calculated on a scale of 200mu, the annual income is not less than 100000 yuan. "Young people are willing to come back to such a 'peasant gate'." Liu Furui, director of the Yonghe Village flue-cured Tobacco Cooperative in Liuyang City, Hunan Province, put it more bluntly: "there is no question of whether or not people do it in agriculture. There is only the problem of making money but not making money. The benefit is good, and both masters and doctors will come."

The benefits of farming have not only attracted the "second generation of farmers", but also attracted more newcomers to join. You Qiang, director of the Hubei Yidu Gongfa Cooperative, had the opportunity to become a civil servant after graduating from university, but he liked farming. Seeing that he was capable, the old director gave up his position to him in advance. A network research expert said that at least more than one million "new farmers" have entered the countryside with "agriculture, rural areas and farmers + the Internet".

In addition to economic benefits, the agricultural environment also affects the speed and number of "new farmers" entering. Xiong Moxiang, secretary of the Caocun Party Branch in Anyi County, Jiangxi Province, said: now farming is afraid of uneven arable land and blocked waterways, and as long as the basic conditions are good, the means of mechanization and informationization can be used, and farming is easy, someone will come to cultivate the land. Cao Village introduced a large grower a few years ago, but later found that the cultivated land is only flat on the surface, the bottom is different, the machine is not strong, do not rent. Wen Zhengyuan, a villager from Shuishan Village, Liuyang City, Hunan Province, rented land, but suffered from uneven cultivated land, so he returned it. "without a fundamental improvement in the basic conditions of agriculture, there would be no large families, let alone their own children to take over." He sighed.