Focus on building a new food security system in the future

With the rapid development of urbanization, China's food security will face more complex situations and challenges in the future. From the perspective of grain consumption demand, first, with the continuous expansion of urban population and the increasing total grain consumption, the contradiction between grain supply and demand will become more prominent; second, the growth of residents' income and the improvement of living standards will promote the transformation and upgrading of grain consumption and food structure, and make the contradiction between grain supply and demand variety structure more obvious. Third, the high concentration of grain consumption demand under the background of urban population agglomeration puts forward higher requirements for the construction of food supply emergency security capacity of major natural disasters and other emergencies. From the perspective of grain production, although China's grain production has achieved "eleven consecutive increases", in the process of rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, with the development of agriculture entering a new stage, the foundation of ensuring food security in the future is being challenged: on the one hand, domestic agricultural production will still be in the channel of rising costs, the comparative efficiency of grain production will continue to decline, and the "floor" of grain production costs will continue to rise. The "ceiling" constraint of grain price is becoming more and more obvious, and it will be more and more difficult to maintain and improve farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain in the future. On the other hand, with the in-depth development of urbanization, in the future, cultivated land and water resources will become more tense, the "hoop spell" of grain production resources and environment will be more severe, and the challenge of achieving sustainable agricultural development will be more severe.

Therefore, we must pay more attention to strengthening the capacity building of food security, building a new national food security system, and doing everything possible to solve the problem of feeding 1.3 billion people, which is the top priority of our country's governance. It is also the basis for controlling economic and social development and national security under complex international and domestic situations in the future.

To build a new national food security system, we must give priority to ourselves, gain a foothold at home, ensure production capacity, appropriate imports, and scientific and technological support, and ensure basic self-sufficiency in grain and the absolute safety of food rations. We should firmly hold the rice bowls of the Chinese people in our own hands at all times, and always take the initiative in national food security.

First, build a new grain production capacity system in an all-round way. Stable, efficient, safe and sustainable grain production capacity is the core to gain a foothold at home and ensure basic self-sufficiency of grain and absolute safety of rations. First, it is necessary to strictly observe the red line of cultivated land and delimit permanent basic farmland. This is the basic guarantee to ensure grain production capacity. It is necessary to increase the intensity of comprehensive agricultural development, speed up the construction of high-standard farmland for ensuring harvest by drought and waterlogging, and comprehensively improve the quality of cultivated land and the level of land output. Second, it is necessary to speed up the transformation of the mode of agricultural development, promote the transformation of grain production from focusing on quantitative growth to focusing on total balance, structural optimization, and quality and safety, and from relying mainly on resource consumption to resource-saving and environment-friendly. From mainly "relying on nature for food" to improving the level of material, technology and equipment, we will build a new grain production capacity system with efficient output, product safety, resource conservation, and environment-friendly. Third, we should rely on scientific and technological progress to insert the wings of science and technology for grain production. We will speed up the process of mechanization in the whole process of grain production and give full play to the carrier role of agricultural machinery in invigorating grain through science and technology.

Second, establish a new food support policy system. It is necessary to improve and innovate the grain support policy mechanism, and further protect and enhance farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain, which is the key to ensuring the stable development of grain production. First, we must adhere to the principle of market pricing, give full play to the decisive role of the market in allocating resources, improve the grain price formation mechanism, and consider gradually replacing the minimum grain purchase price and the temporary purchase and storage policy with the target price system. reduce the distorting impact of price support policies on the market. Second, it is necessary to improve and innovate the ways of grain subsidies, establish a mechanism for linking policy subsidies with grain production, and improve the pertinence, directivity and effectiveness of subsidy measures. Third, we should take subsidies for key grain products, major producing areas and key links as the core, explore and implement direct subsidy measures that have little distorting effect on the market and are effective for grain farmers, and vigorously subsidize and support resource-saving and environment-friendly agricultural production modes. we will speed up the construction of grain risk management and control systems such as policy-oriented agricultural disaster compulsory insurance and price insurance.

Third, accelerate the innovation of agricultural management system. Cultivating a new type of agricultural management body and innovating the agricultural management system are the key measures to solve the problems of "who will grow grain" and "how to grow grain". It is necessary to cultivate new types of agricultural operators, support the development of large grain growers, family farms, farmers' cooperatives, leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization, and social service organizations, and promote the transformation of agricultural producers from traditional farmers to high-quality professional farmers. promote the specialization, scale and organization of agricultural management, and enhance the ability of sustainable development of grain production.

Fourth, strengthen the construction of food security reserves and emergency response system. Safe and reasonable grain reserves are the material basis for ensuring national food security. It is necessary to scientifically plan the scale of grain reserves, optimize the structure of reserve varieties and regional layout, and enhance the ability to cope with unconventional shocks such as emergencies.

Fifth, build a new system of international agricultural cooperation. Expanding the opening up of agriculture to the outside world, speeding up the pace of agriculture going out, and making overall use of both international and domestic markets and resources are the inevitable choice to ensure food security and ensure the effective supply of important grain varieties. It is necessary to innovate the mechanism of international agricultural cooperation, deepen international agricultural strategic cooperation, and promote the improvement of food production capacity and effective supply level of developing countries. It is necessary to speed up the pace of agriculture going out and explore the establishment of an overseas agricultural investment and industrial system that meets the requirements of China's food security strategy. It is necessary to import foreign agricultural products appropriately, grasp the scale and rhythm of imports, and control the adverse effects and risks of imports on domestic agricultural production.