How to grasp the principle and rhythm of land reform

A few days ago, the Management cadre College of the Ministry of Agriculture held the third rotation training class for county directors of agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery this year. A total of 108 agricultural (agricultural economic) directors and system cadres from major agricultural counties across the country participated in the training. This rotation training has organized more than 10 expert lectures, case studies, special seminars and on-the-spot teaching on how to implement the "opinions on guiding the orderly circulation of rural land to develop appropriate scale management". This paper makes a special discussion on some key issues, such as the certification of the right of rural land contractual management, the supervision and risk prevention of industrial and commercial capital in land circulation, and the need to amend the Rural Land contract Law.

Land system reform is an important system that affects the long-term stability of China's rural areas. in the key year of comprehensively deepening the reform, land system reform is the top priority of rural work around the country. At present, the circulation area of cultivated land in China is close to 30%, and nearly 400 million mu of land is in circulation, increasing by about 3 percentage points every year. Under the fast speed of land transfer, it is very important to grasp the rhythm of land transfer and moderate scale operation.

The second round of extension package is inconsistent with the area of surveying and mapping, and the area of cultivated land in some places has been adjusted many times. The directors are concerned about all aspects of the certification work, and clearly sort out the local problems and resolve them one by one. GE Yangchun, director of the Agricultural Committee of Xuanzhou District, Anhui Province, said: "different places will encounter different problems in confirming the issuance of rights. In view of the problems of different types, different families, and different regions, our district has sorted out 37 problems. These problems cannot be solved according to one model. We have formulated an implementation plan to adhere to steady progress, the easy before the difficult, the key is to safeguard the interests of farmers, and the problem can be solved in the village as far as possible."

Land is the lifeblood of farmers, and directors generally believe that the reform of the land system is related to the practical interests of farmers, and that it is necessary to actively and steadily promote it, "do not eat raw rice," and cannot make irreversible mistakes.

Is it the right to confirm the right, or the right to confirm the shares? How to demarcate the scope of the uncertain shares? The directors talked about the practice of confirming power in their counties and cities one after another. Li Chunfeng, deputy director of the Bureau of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry of Balinzuo Banner, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, said: "the boundary is unclear due to the long time for facility agriculture to transfer land, or the compensation for land expropriation by urbanization needs to be divided among the members of the collective economy." in this way, it is necessary to determine the shares. " Li Ruiqiu, director of the Agricultural Finance Bureau of Zhao County, Hebei Province, introduced the process of confirming the rights of more than 200,000 mu of collectively owned pear orchards in the county. "if all the land is truly owned by one household, it will be too scattered, so it is planned to confirm the right of cultivated land and the right of pear trees."

How should land transfer be carried out? "the government should not push it too much. With the economic development and market demand, the farmers should develop voluntarily, and the government should attach importance to the support to the new business entities." Song Dongliang, deputy director of the Bureau of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry in Raoyang County, Hebei Province, said. "the key to the lack of motivation for the development of new business entities is the lack of funds," says GE Yangchun. Guarantee companies have been set up in many places. Liu Xiangyang, director of the Administrative Committee of the National Agricultural Science and Technology Park in Tangshan City, Hebei Province, said: "We have set up guarantee companies to put land contractual management rights, forest rights, and some facility agriculture and livestock products into the scope of guarantee collateral, setting an one-year guarantee cycle, and providing financing guarantee when there is something wrong with the capital chain of the new business main body."

"what we need to guard against is risk, not industrial and commercial capital." Hu Liangwan, director of the Rural Development Bureau of Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, said: "We must do a good job in the plan for industrial and commercial capital to enter agricultural projects, and we must engage in agricultural work in order to come in. It is necessary to establish an information feedback mechanism to grasp the dynamic situation. Local competent departments, including townships and village communities, should have a dynamic understanding of its business status. It is also necessary to establish a risk early-warning mechanism to strengthen the market risk early-warning of the industry in which they are engaged in; rent should be paid once a year, and on a regular basis, and measures should be taken if it cannot be paid. "

The revision of the Land contract Law is also one of the key concerns of the directors. Gong Bingji, deputy director of the Agricultural Bureau of Laixi City, Shandong Province, believes that land contracting can adopt a long-term holding method, and it is best to have a view on this long-term holding. Many directors are concerned about how the separation of the three rights should be stipulated in the Land contract Law. Qian Wen, deputy secretary of the Rural work Committee of Beijing Daxing District, said: "the Land contract Law should revolve around the separation of the three rights and whether the right of management is a real right or a creditor's right." it is clearly stipulated in the law, so that the right to contracted management of land can be clearly defined in the implementation. "

Summing up the discussion in this group, Li Chunfeng said: "this training class is too timely. I just feel that the time is a little short. I hope I can have more time to discuss the problem clearly." Gai Lihong, director of the Economic Administration Bureau of Tengzhou City, Shandong Province, said: "there are some counties and cities that have done well, and we have always wanted to learn from them, and this training course has provided us with an opportunity to get in touch with each other."