Adaptability evaluation of super rice varieties should be strengthened.

Zhang Taolin, vice minister of agriculture, said at a news conference of the State Council Office on the 14th that the requirements for super rice are high yield, high quality, high efficiency and resistance. However, some super rice varieties are suitable for specific areas, and their deficiency will appear in other areas. In view of the recent Anhui super rice yield reduction and non-harvest problems, Zhang Taolin said, This variety in Jianghuai area including Anhui is suitable, But the deficiency is rice blast resistance is relatively poor, Just last year is a relatively special year, So the resistance problem revealed.

Different regional resistance of super rice varieties

Reporter: Recently, the question about super rice has attracted more attention from public opinion. Can you answer it?

Zhang Taolin: Super rice is a very important action plan, but also a very important means of grain yield and ensuring national food security. We have now reached the 17th stage of super rice, from 700 kg, 800 kg, 900 kg, not long ago has exceeded 1000 kg. Super rice still uses heterosis and plant shape to achieve high yield. Our requirements for super rice are also high yield, high quality, high efficiency and resistance. We should not only consider its high yield, but also enhance its resistance, including all aspects of its quality.

Now that agriculture has developed, it is necessary to combine fine varieties with agricultural technology and agronomy to solve problems comprehensively. However, varieties are a very important link, and the excellence of their own varieties is very important. Therefore, in terms of super rice, we require that it be evaluated in the future, depending on its yield and benefit, and at the same time, we should look at its utilization efficiency of resources, such as nutrients, fertilizer utilization efficiency, and resistance to pests and weeds.

At present, during the research and development process of super rice, the varieties themselves are constantly updated and improved. Some varieties may have good traits, such as high yield, but poor resistance. What we need to cultivate now is a relatively comprehensive variety. Our approval of the variety is suitable for a specific area, which can play a role in this specific area, but it may reach another area, and its deficiency will come out. For example, if the resistance is poor, it will not work in another area.

Reporter: What is hotly debated now is the case of Liangyou 0293 in Anhui Province. There has been a reduction in production and a failure of harvest. Is it related to climate and pollution? What are the reasons? Will it affect our research on super rice?

Zhang Taolin: Recently, everyone has paid more attention to it. In fact, the Ministry of Agriculture has also explained this problem. I understand that it is still related to the reasons I mentioned earlier. Each variety has an adaptive area. This variety is calculated according to the normal annual inspection. It is suitable in Jianghuai area including Anhui Province. However, one deficiency of this variety in the process of variety approval is that the resistance to rice blast is relatively poor. It happened that last year's annual inspection was a relatively special year, so the problem of insufficient resistance was revealed. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the adaptability evaluation of varieties.

Northwest white pollution prominent in the central and eastern part of the serious use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides

Reporter: Minister Zhang, could you please elaborate on the overall situation of agricultural non-point source pollution in China?

Zhang Taolin: Agricultural non-point source pollution is not optimistic on the whole, but there are many kinds of pollution and wide distribution. The differences of various types in different regions are relatively large. For example, in arid areas of northwest China, due to the large use of agricultural film, agricultural film pollution and white pollution are prominent problems. For example, in the central and eastern regions, due to the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, coupled with special living climatic conditions, the problem of possible pesticide and chemical fertilizer non-point source pollution is relatively prominent. For example, in our south, due to the relatively high scale and large scale of livestock and poultry breeding, the pollution problem of agricultural livestock and poultry manure may be relatively prominent.

At present, the situation of agricultural non-point source pollution has improved locally, especially through some effective prevention and control measures, including side soil formula fertilization, green prevention and control, including the application of some clean production materials and technologies, especially in some key prevention and control areas, including Dianchi Lake, Chaohu Lake and Taihu Lake. However, there are also some local problems that are more prominent and tend to intensify.

At present, non-point source pollution is the key problem we should solve. One is the pollution problem of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. At present, the overall use of chemical fertilizers is still relatively high, and the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers is not high, especially the problems of fruit trees and vegetables are quite prominent.

Second, in terms of pesticides, we said that the amount of pesticides used now should be controlled at 300,000 tons, but now it is about 320,000 tons. Compared with developed countries, we still have a big gap in pesticide utilization rate in China. How to solve this problem is mainly through the combination of new high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides, including the development of biological pesticides, and pesticide unified control technology. However, the scope of application of unified control and professional control measures is not particularly wide, so we regard this as the focus of work to be strengthened in the next step, and increase the green prevention and control coverage rate of crop diseases and insect pests to more than 30%. In addition, livestock and poultry manure is one of the largest sources of agricultural non-point source pollution. More than 90% of our agricultural non-point source pollution in COD is due to livestock and poultry manure. We now raise 1.2 billion pigs, with about 700 million pigs per year. Moreover, the speed of large-scale breeding is relatively fast now. For large-scale breeding of more than 500 pigs, it can reach about 40%. After large-scale breeding, if done well, centralized disposal can be carried out to improve utilization efficiency and industrialization level. However, if improper disposal or supporting facilities cannot keep up with each other, environmental incidents may even occur. Therefore, this is why we should strengthen clean breeding and standardized breeding, especially the construction of supporting facilities. We propose that more than 75% of large-scale livestock farms should be equipped with waste storage and treatment facilities.