The amount of fertilizer applied to fruits and vegetables in China exceeds the safe level.

At present, agriculture has surpassed industry to become the largest "non-point source pollution" (refers to the phenomenon that air and surface pollutants are brought into the hydrosphere ecosystem through rainfall and surface runoff erosion, causing water pollution) industry. "Agricultural non-point source pollution is of many kinds and widely distributed, and the overall situation is not optimistic." Zhang Taolin, vice minister of agriculture, said.

The use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers is large and the utilization rate is low.

The Information Office of the State Council held a press conference on the 14th to introduce the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution.

"in recent years, fruit trees and vegetables are the most commonly used chemical fertilizers in our country, and the amount of fertilizer applied to fruits and vegetables is now relatively high, which exceeds the safety level, and should be reduced as a key point." Zhang Taolin, vice minister of agriculture, said: on the whole, the utilization rate of pesticides and fertilizers in China is significantly higher than that in the past, and the effect on increasing the production and income of grain crops is very obvious. However, compared with developed countries, there is still room for further improvement in the utilization level of pesticides and fertilizers.

According to a survey conducted by the Ministry of Agriculture, the problem of agricultural "non-point source pollution" in China is mainly caused by the eutrophication of the water environment caused by the excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the central and eastern provinces. the southern provinces are mainly the pollution of soil and water environment caused by excreta from livestock, poultry and aquaculture.

"in recent years, China has used a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and its production and use have ranked first in the world. However, the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is about 15% to 20% lower than that of developed countries in the world, so it is imperative to reduce the use and improve the utilization rate. " Said Li Guoxiang, a researcher at the Rural Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

The invisible killer of the quality of heavy metal agricultural products

According to the National soil pollution investigation Bulletin previously released by the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Ministry of Land and Resources, the overall soil environment in the country is not optimistic. Soil pollution in some areas is serious, and the over-standard rate of cultivated soil is 19.4%. The main pollutants are cadmium, nickel, copper, arsenic, mercury, lead, DDT and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

Experts pointed out that the "invisible" heavy metal pollution is acting as an "invisible killer" of the quality and safety of agricultural products, which may not only affect farmland and the surrounding environment in rural areas, but also make ordinary consumers have doubts about the quality and safety of agricultural products. "in addition to the heavy metal pollution caused by the discharge of industrial wastes, the massive input of agricultural chemicals will also lead to the enrichment of nutrients, heavy metals and toxic organic compounds in the soil, thus causing land pollution." Said Zhang Fusuo, a professor at China Agricultural University.

The gap between "resources" and "pollution" of agricultural film

The ditches on both sides of the road are covered with white plastic film, and when the wind blows, the branches of the trees are covered with pieces of plastic film. This is what the reporter saw during an interview in Hexi area of Gansu Province recently.

In the arid areas of northwest China plastic film mulching can control temperature and preserve soil moisture and has a significant effect on increasing production. It is a core technology of dry farming in China. However, due to the long-term use of ultra-thin plastic film and the lack of recycling mechanism, a large number of plastic film is broken as soon as it is uncovered and remains in the farmland, and the "white revolution" brings "white pollution". A villager in Lijiadian Township, Tongwei County, Gansu Province, told the reporter: "if these films rot in the field, the crops will not grow in a few years!"

To fight against "non-point source pollution"

"the most important characteristics of agricultural 'non-point source pollution' are concealment, long-term nature, and dispersion, which is more troublesome to deal with." Ren Tianzhi, director of the Environmental Protection Scientific Research and Monitoring Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture, believes that.

In order to curb the expanding trend of agricultural non-point source pollution, the Ministry of Agriculture issued "opinions on the implementation of the battle for the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution" and put forward the goal of "one control, two reductions and three basic": "one control" means strictly controlling the total amount of agricultural water use, vigorously developing water-saving agriculture, and "two reductions", that is, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and implementing zero growth actions. The "three fundamentals" refers to the basic resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure, crop straw and agricultural film. China News Service, Comprehensive Xinhua News Agency

The resistance of rice varieties involved in the accident is poor, so the adaptability evaluation will be strengthened.

The Ministry of Agriculture responded to the reduction of super rice yield and the end of harvest:

At the news conference of the State News Office on the 14th, Zhang Taolin also responded to the recent media reports on the yield reduction and failure of Anhui super rice "Liangyou 0293". He said that each variety has a suitable area for planting, and this kind of rice is suitable for planting in the Jianghuai region, including Anhui Province, according to the normal year.

Zhang Taolin said that super rice is a very important means to increase grain production and income and ensure food security. Not long ago, the yield of super rice per mu in China exceeded 1000 kg. The requirements of the Ministry of Agriculture are high yield, high quality, high efficiency and resistance at the same time.

"Super rice varieties themselves are constantly updating and improving. Some varieties may have a good character, such as high yield, but poor resistance; some varieties may have good resistance, but the yield is not as high as others. What China needs to cultivate now is a relatively comprehensive variety. " He said.

With regard to the yield reduction of "Liangyou 0293" in Anhui, Zhang Taolin said that every rice species has its own adaptive area, and the rice seed approval is calculated according to the normal year. According to the normal year, "Liangyou 0293" is suitable to be planted in Jianghuai region, including Anhui region. However, in the process of variety approval, this variety has a deficiency, that is, its resistance to rice blast is relatively poor. It just so happens that last year was a relatively special year, which exposed the problem of its lack of resistance. "therefore, it is still necessary to strengthen the evaluation of the adaptability of varieties."