The reform of grain target price Brooks no delay.

At present, all parties complain about the high grain output, high purchase volume and high inventory, especially the large national inventory, which is completely attributed to the national grain market purchase and temporary storage policy, which also leads to the fact that the domestic grain price is higher than the international grain price and one-sided pursuit of grain quantity. The culprit of ignoring quality is rampant in destocking. Others believe that we should change the mode of agricultural development, implement the responsibility of the main grain selling areas for food security, change the GSP for grain and agricultural subsidies into a special system of preferences, tend to new agricultural operators, and implement grain target price subsidies differently, and so on.

Some professionals also pointed out that the goal and function of optimizing the country's grain reserves. Adjust the national grain reserve management system, clarify the division of responsibilities between the central reserve and the provincial reserve, the central reserve only undertakes the strategic reserve task, the provincial reserve undertakes the reserve reserve, and the governments below the vice-provincial level no longer bear the responsibility for grain reserves. achieve flattened management and improve management efficiency. In addition, the non-reserve business of China Grain Storage Company should be strictly stripped off and the macro-control function of grain reserve should be strengthened.

It should be said that some viewpoints are very correct, but it is biased to attribute the grain high output, high purchase volume and high inventory to the grain support market or temporary reserve purchase policy. The grain price is not extremely high, which is higher than the international grain price. It is also inevitable that our materialization cost is much higher than abroad. At the same time, grain structural supply exceeds demand, production exceeds demand, and is limited to individual varieties. In the long run, domestic grain supply and demand will remain tight.

At present, it can be said that the central grain reserves are too large, the scale of local grain reserves is too small, and the medium grain reserves and local grain purchase resources cannot be effectively integrated, and even produce a state of wrangling or disorderly competition, which is the problem to be solved urgently.

According to analysis, there are three major contradictions in grain in 2015 and in the future. first, there is a contradiction between the tight balance of total grain supply and demand and the periodic surplus of some varieties. The "three high" superposition of high grain output, high purchase and high inventory. In particular, the continuous increase in corn production and the continuous decline in consumer demand appear at the same time, the trend of production and demand is in the opposite direction, and the characteristics of phased surplus are very obvious. The rice market also shows that supply exceeds demand, and sales are not smooth.

Second, the price of supporting the market is facing the contradiction of double squeezing and protecting the interests of agriculture and agriculture. At present, the customs value of domestic corn, rice and wheat per ton in Guangdong Port is about 750,900 and 500 yuan higher than that of the same varieties, respectively, and the price difference of corn even exceeded 1000 yuan at one time. The prices of imports of the three major grain varieties outside the quota (paying 65 per cent tariff) are also lower than domestic prices. At the same time, the cost of domestic grain production "floor" continues to rise. The difference between imported and domestic grain prices is approaching the "ceiling", and the "floor" of grain production costs is rising year after year, squeezing grain collection and storage.

In this situation of double squeeze, the space to protect farmers' enthusiasm of growing grain by simply relying on open acquisition and raising the purchase price of supporting the market is getting smaller and smaller, and the effect is getting weaker and weaker. the current grain collection and storage policy system is facing unprecedented challenges and tests.

The third is the contradiction between the appropriate use of international grain resources and the impact of imported grain on the domestic market. According to customs data, grain imports will exceed 95 million tons in 2014, including about 70 million tons of soybeans. Ren Zhengxiao said: in recent years, although imports within the quotas of the three major grain varieties have been managed in an orderly manner, imports of non-quota varieties such as sorghum, barley, wine dregs and dried cassava have increased rapidly. In 2014, the total import volume of these varieties with obvious substitution effect was close to 25 million tons, squeezing out the domestic corn market share and aggravating the contradiction that production exceeds demand.

In addition, it is believed that apart from customs imports, the low-price imports of rice from other channels are still not small, breaking the basic balance between domestic rice production and demand. "strong rice and weak rice" has been for a long time, and the rice processing industry is difficult to operate. The distribution of grain production and inventory is gradually concentrated to the core producing areas, the pressure of collection and storage in the main producing areas is huge, the purchase policy of supporting the market will continue, the policy-oriented grain inventory will snowball year after year, and the financial burden is getting heavier and heavier.

Experts revealed that in recent years, the cost of grain production has risen rapidly and the price is high. In our country, the government implements the lowest purchase price for wheat and rice. If you compare the current minimum purchase price with the 2010 price, the price of wheat has increased by more than 60%, and the price of rice has increased by almost 100%, that is, six or seven years. We should see that grain prices have only risen in the past five or six years, and the original foundation is very low. to see that the cost of grain production is rising sharply, human capital alone has doubled, or even multiplied, to see the elderly women in rural areas, jokingly called the 8341 troops growing grain, we can see that growing grain is weak and is by no means the main body of farmers' income, so we can't extravagantly talk about the high domestic grain prices. The low income of farmers growing grain is still the biggest problem restricting modern agriculture.

The state has made it clear that the price of wheat to support the market in 2015 will remain unchanged in 2014. The price of corn stored in 2014 also remained the same as in 2013. This sends a strong signal that policy-oriented grain collection and storage is in the upward range of tightening prices. if the production and demand of wheat and corn in 2015 is normal, and the construction of a warehouse capacity of 100 billion jin is expected, the scale of local grain reserves will increase, and the contradiction between collection and storage in the northeast and other major grain producing areas will shrink, and grain prices are likely to enter the downward range.

The purchase and sale of grain has entered a new cycle, which is the assertion of experts. Since wheat and corn continue to be purchased at the lowest purchase price and temporary reserve in 2015, before the grain target price subsidy is fully implemented, the existing purchasing methods and main bodies of supporting the market or temporary storage should be reformed, and experiences and lessons should be learned. take local grain purchasing and marketing enterprises and medium grain reserves as the main body of acquisition, share loans and repay, avoid competing for grain sources, disturb the market and prices, and change hidden subsidies to explicit ones. Grain farmers or rural cooperatives shall be given subsidies for the difference between the market price and the market price of one jin of grain sold.

In recent years, grain harvesting and storage has encountered unprecedented problems and contradictions. First, the effective storage capacity of the main grain producing areas is insufficient, especially in the northeast region. Most of the major grain producing areas, especially the grain departments below the grass-roots level, are old warehouses in dangerous warehouses, the "grain security project" has not yet been fully covered, and the basic grass-roots level has a wide range of workload, which is in urgent need of policy support and strong start-up of funds.

At the same time, there are several wrong ideas or tendencies that pervade the grain industry, which are worthy of attention or clarification: first, the state holds too much grain inventory, the policy of minimum grain purchase price is useless, seriously distorts the market and prices, and raises grain prices, leading to increasing differences in international and domestic grain prices. Second, where there is money, there is grain, and international grain prices are low, so we can import a large amount of grain and build up land overseas. Third, food security is a matter at the national level. Whoever grows grain loses money. Local or grass-roots major grain producing areas think that food security does not create GDP. In fact, there is no place in the arrangement of economic work.

Giving more play to the role of the market and improving the price of agricultural products and the market regulation mechanism is an important institutional arrangement to better mobilize farmers' enthusiasm for production and ensure national food security under the new situation. First, under the premise of protecting the interests of farmers, promote the policy of minimum purchase price, temporary purchase and storage and agricultural subsidies to gradually change to the target price system of agricultural products. Starting with soybeans and cotton, we will promote pilot subsidies by varieties, subsidizing farmers when the market price of the product is lower than the target price, and ensuring their basic income; when the rise in the market price of the product leads to a rapid rise in the overall price level, subsidize the low-income groups and ensure the basic livelihood of the people.

Clarify the responsibility of the government. The central government focuses on regulating grain, cotton, oil and sugar, while other agricultural products are mainly regulated by the market, and local governments also bear the responsibility of stabilizing the market. On the basis of ensuring basic self-sufficiency of grain and absolute safety of food rations, we should give full play to the role of import and export and state reserves in regulating market supply and demand, so as to prevent excessive fluctuations in the prices of agricultural products.