"Fertilizer" and "Medicine" reduce the quality effect and raise the nutrient solution instead of chemical fertilizer.

Editor's note: since the beginning of this year, the Ministry of Agriculture has officially launched the "lose weight and reduce drugs" campaign, striving to achieve more than 40% utilization rate of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in major crops by 2020, an increase of 7% and 5% respectively over 2013, and zero growth in the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides for crops. Soil testing formula, green prevention and control, accurate fertilization, and the scientific use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and veterinary drugs are directly related to the safe production and quality assurance of agricultural products. This page today publishes the innovative practices taken by Shandong, Hubei and other places to lose weight and reduce drugs, which can be used as a reference for relevant agricultural workers.

Shandong vegetable farmers use the integrated cultivation substrate of water and fertilizer--

If the amount of pesticide is reduced by eight points, the output will be increased by 20 to 30 percent.

In mid-April, when the reporter met Liu Jingwen, president of the Yellow River Street Jingwu Ecological Fruit and vegetable planting Cooperative in Dongying District, Dongying City, Shandong Province, he was receiving farmers who came to study from Weifang. "you see, this is the substrate that is ripe with cow dung, usually adding nutrient solution according to the needs of crop growth, basically without chemical fertilizers and pesticides. If we use it in this saline soil, tomatoes can increase production by more than 30%. " Liu Jingwen took the guests and said while watching.

He introduced the organic substrate cultivation technology of the integration of water and fertilizer, which has been used in the village since 2013.

Luo Hongyi, the inventor of this technology and associate professor of Shandong Agricultural University, said: "first, this technology uses more materials such as straw, cow dung and mushroom residue in rural areas to produce a matrix with stable characters and low cost by means of ripening and fermentation." Vegetables are planted in the substrate and irrigated with nutrient solution once a week. The nutrient solution is allocated according to the absorption characteristics of nutrient elements in different growth periods of different crops and the characteristics of local irrigation water. In this way, it not only greatly reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, avoids the problems of soil consolidation, pollution, salinity and alkali, but also ensures the quality and output of products. "

According to the evaluation of the Agriculture and Industry Office of Shandong Provincial Party Committee, this technology converts rural wastes into organic resources, which is proved by its application in greenhouse continuous cropping land, saline-alkali land and old homestead. It has significant advantages in improving the utilization rate of water and fertilizer, reducing the amount of pesticides and improving the quality of vegetables, so it should be vigorously promoted.

Nutrient solution instead of chemical fertilizer

In fact, substrate cultivation has long been a very mature technology, but it is difficult to popularize because the cost of substrate is too high.

The value of Luo Hongyi's technology lies in that he has found out items that can be used as local materials, such as straw, cow dung and mushroom dregs that can be seen everywhere in rural areas, which are used as substrates after high temperature ripening and at a low cost.

Luo Hongyi says: "to turn them into a matrix, the most important link is to mature, that is, through fermentation, reduce the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the material, and at the same time disinfect and sterilize, so that the matrix is stable, which can not only loosen and breathe, but also fix the plant."

How much has the cost been reduced? Li Xinye, secretary of the party branch of Nanli Village, Wuli Community, Lingcheng District, Dezhou City, said that the one-time investment of matrix, starter, and water and fertilizer integration equipment is slightly larger, more than 10,000 yuan, but it can be used for four or five years, and the nutrient solution is about 3,000 yuan per year. In the past, traditional soil cultivation techniques cost more than NT $3,000 a year for fertilizer, and manual labor was used for deep ploughing every year. There are still many diseases and insect pests, and the cost is NT $2,000 to NT $3,000.

It is easy for farmers to master

Is this technology easy for farmers to master? "it's very simple." Li Xinye said, "you can plant seedlings by laying a film on the original land, separating saline-alkali or diseases in the soil, laying the matured substrate, then laying a layer of film, maintaining the humidity of the substrate, and installing micro-spraying equipment."

However, the nutrition of the matrix is very low, and for vegetables to grow healthily, they need nutrient solutions that place orders as needed.

"Tomatoes need more calcium than eggplants; tomatoes need more nitrogen during the barley supply period and higher potassium during the fruit setting period; the climate of Laiwu and Heze is different from the water quality, and the nutrient elements need to be fine-tuned." Luo Hongyi fumbled for experience through continuous experiments.

Jingwu Village is located at the mouth of the Yellow River, and most of the land is saline-alkali land. in the past, even in well-managed greenhouses, the annual output of tomatoes rarely exceeded 20,000 jin. The village used the technology in 2013, and the greenhouse generally produced more than 30,000 jin of tomatoes in 2014.

Fangcun Town, Daiyue District, Taian City, has been growing tomatoes for many years, and the soil-borne diseases are serious. Zou Cuilian and Zou Qing in Zoujiazhuang each have a tomato greenhouse. In 2014, Zou Cuilian adopted the substrate cultivation technique of the integration of water and fertilizer, and the yield reached 23000 jin. Zou Qing is still the original planting method, affected by continuous sitting obstacles, the yield is less than 16000 jin.

Chemical fertilizers and pesticides are basically out of use.

Zou Qing said: "with single planting in successive years, not only the disease is serious, but also the utilization rate of fertilizer continues to decline. In this way, chemical fertilizers and pesticides are used more and more. "

"in recent years, soil consolidation, salinization and diseases have increasingly become obstacles to growing vegetables. Abandoning the soil matrix can well avoid these problems. " Luo Hongyi said.

Zou Qing continued: "this method also saves water. Once every six or seven days, five-square water in one shed is enough, which is 2 yuan 3 less than before." Coupled with the fact that there are almost no diseases, chemical fertilizers and pesticides save money. "

According to statistics, since its large-scale promotion in 2013, the technology has established demonstration bases in many counties and cities, such as Daiyue District of Taian City, Dongying District of Dongying City, Heze Dingtao, Dezhou Ling County, and so on, and has achieved success in saline-alkali land, continuous cropping land and reclaimed homestead, with a total demonstration area of nearly 1000 mu. The comparative test results show that the amount of greenhouse pesticides using this technology is generally reduced by more than 80%, the increase in production is about 20%, and more than 30% on saline-alkali soil.

Shandong, as a major province of protected vegetable cultivation, has also accelerated the popularization of this technology in recent years. The major special funding for the application of agricultural science and technology in the province is 300000 yuan to support the integration, popularization and demonstration of the technology, and the provincial finance department has allocated 500000 yuan for special technology promotion.