Four problems in the transfer of pilot Homestead

With the increase of farmers leaving home to work in cities, there are more and more vacant homesteads and houses, resulting in great waste of resources. Moreover, homestead and housing cannot be transferred, migrant workers in cities lose this transferred property and cannot take cash to cities to buy urgently needed housing. In January 2015, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued the Opinions on Rural Land Acquisition, Collective Construction Land Entry into the Market and Pilot Work of Homestead System Reform. On February 25, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress deliberated on the Decision (Draft) on Authorizing the State Council to Temporarily Adjust Relevant Legal Provisions in 33 Pilot Counties (Cities, Districts) Administrative Regions such as Beijing City Daxing District, and proposed to authorize the State Council to temporarily adjust and implement the Land Administration Law and the Urban Real Estate Administration Law on rural land expropriation, collective construction land entering the market and homestead management system in 33 pilot counties (cities, districts) administrative regions Relevant provisions. This marks that the rural "three plots" reform pilot, including the homestead circulation reform, has finally entered a substantive stage.

Local practice has been ahead of theory and policy. According to Shao Ting's field investigation results, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui and other regions have implemented the practice of cross-village circulation of homestead many years ago. However, because these practices conflict with land management laws, there is no clear local regulation in these areas. Zhu Mingfen and Deng Rong's 2013 survey results based on 1010 questionnaires from farmers in six provinces (cities) show that 48.3% of the farmers 'houses are purchased by villagers in their own village; 51.7% are purchased by non-villagers (including villagers from other villages, urban residents and corporate enterprises), of which 43.1% are sold to urban residents and 6.9% are sold to corporate enterprises. The scale and scope of cross-village circulation of homestead have exceeded the content permitted by law, which makes the homestead and farmer's housing, which were originally only welfare, have stronger commodity attributes. Moreover, the negative effects of this circulation have not yet been detected, as scholars fear.

Therefore, the pilot homestead circulation should further emancipate the mind, boldly try to find a new way to effectively solve the homestead problem.

To whom is the homestead voluntarily transferred for payment?

The principle of voluntary and paid transfer is adhered to in the pilot project of homestead withdrawal, which conforms to the general principle of market economy and conforms to the general direction of reform. The question is, to whom is the homestead paid for? Some commentators believe that it can be transferred to urban residents and increase a large amount of property income for rural residents. Some urban residents are also willing to go to the countryside to buy a house, holidays to the whole family vacation leisure in the countryside.

The homestead withdrawal pilot program stipulates that homesteads can only be transferred to farmers in the village, giving priority to young people who do not have homesteads or who need to build houses after marriage.

In the long run, homestead, which only has welfare nature now, should also be endowed with certain commodity attributes to form a special circulation market with Chinese characteristics. The paid transfer stipulated in the pilot scheme at least endows the homestead with the semi-commodity attribute, which is also a negation of the pure welfare nature in the past. The transfer of homestead within a township can be tested.

Determination of the Paid Transfer Price of Homestead

A very important issue in the paid transfer of homestead is the determination of the transfer price. The government should believe that the transferor and the transferee can negotiate a reasonable price acceptable to both parties according to the general trend of market prices and supply and demand. The pilot program stipulates that only residents of the village community are eligible to purchase the transferred homestead, which limits the demand to a very small range, which also determines that the transfer price of homestead cannot be raised, let alone "hyped". Some people in academic circles expect migrant workers to use the money after the paid transfer of their homestead to buy houses in working towns, which is doomed to fail.

Who owns the income from the transfer of homestead?

Who is eligible for income from homestead transfers? There are two different views, one is to be enjoyed by the village collective, the other is to be enjoyed by the transfer households. The basis of village collective enjoyment is that the ownership of homestead belongs to village collective. However, in view of the fact that the rural atmosphere needs to be changed, the village collective enjoyment often becomes the village cadre enjoyment, thus providing a new channel for the village cadre corruption. To avoid this corruption problem, the system design can consider the demutualization of collective assets including the quantification of individual collective members.

Farmers who withdraw from homesteads should enjoy welfare housing in cities

After farmers enter the city, some voluntarily withdraw from the original homestead in rural areas, so they should be able to buy a set of welfare housing in the towns where they work. This involves the migrant workers working in cities and towns of government expenditure welfare housing financial issues. Since migrant workers have already worked in cities and towns and made contributions to urban construction, the government should assume the obligation of welfare housing, and can no longer enjoy the dividends contributed by migrant workers free of charge as in the past, let alone enjoy the dividends contributed by migrant workers free of charge, but also cause social instability due to the housing problems of migrant workers.

Migrant workers who work in cities and towns buy welfare housing and have a stable job should withdraw from the original homestead in rural areas. Because he can't have two welfare houses.

There is a view that there are 270 million migrant workers in China at present, and about 40 - 50 million migrant workers have moved their families. However, when they think that there is still a house in their hometown that can shelter them from the wind and rain, their mentality of working in cities will be calm. Tens of millions of migrant workers returned home during the 2008 global economic crisis, and that could happen in the future. Otherwise, they risk becoming urban poor and slums in countries such as Brazil, India and South Africa. With the advancement of China's reform, we expect that the gradual improvement of the social protection system will enable migrant workers to receive unemployment benefits, acquire new skills with the help of the government and society, and have welfare housing in the working towns without having to return to their hometown in the countryside.