Technical path of reducing quantity and increasing efficiency of Chemical Fertilizer

On March 17 this year, the Ministry of Agriculture proposed to strive to achieve zero growth in the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides for major crops by 2020. The key to achieving this goal is to grasp the "precision, adjustment, modification and replacement": promoting accurate fertilization, adjusting the application structure of chemical fertilizer, improving fertilization methods, and replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer. Combined with the above requirements and according to practical experience, the author collates and summarizes the technology of reducing and increasing efficiency of chemical fertilizer, which can be used as a reference for the broad masses of farmers.

Technology of soil testing and formula fertilization

According to the law of crop fertilizer demand, soil fertilizer supply performance and fertilizer effect, soil testing formula fertilization is to select the application quantity, fertilization period and application method of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements on the basis of rational application of organic fertilizer. The technology of soil testing and formula fertilization can pertinently supplement the nutrient elements needed by crops, which can supplement what elements are missing and how much they need, so as to achieve a balanced supply of various nutrients and meet the needs of crops. in order to achieve the purpose of increasing crop yield, reducing agricultural production costs and protecting agricultural ecological environment.

Mechanized deep fertilization technology

Mechanized deep fertilization technology mainly refers to the use of agricultural machinery in the middle stages of ploughing, sowing and crop growth to apply chemical fertilizer to a certain depth below the soil surface according to the type, quantity and position effect of chemical fertilizer required by agronomy. This mainly includes: deep application of base fertilizer, deep application of seed fertilizer (also known as seed fertilizer co-sowing), deep application of topdressing. Mechanized deep application can reduce the loss of chemical fertilizer, improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer, save cost and increase benefit.

Integrated technology of water and fertilizer

The technology of integration of water and fertilizer is a new agricultural technology that combines fertilization with irrigation. Through the pressure pipeline system and the irrigator installed on the last stage pipeline, it transports the fertilizer solution uniformly and accurately to the soil surface or soil layer near the crop root uniformly and accurately. Water and nutrients can be supplied directly to crops quantitatively and regularly according to crop growth requirements. Its characteristic is that it can accurately control the amount of irrigation and fertilizer application and significantly improve the utilization rate of water and fertilizer. Compared with traditional technology, vegetables save 30%-35% of water and 40%-45% of fertilizer; orchards save 40% of water and 30% of fertilizer; vegetable output increases by 15%-22% and fruit production increases by 9%-15%.

Mixed application of farm manure and chemical fertilizer

Organic fertilizer has many kinds, wide fertilizer sources, easy accumulation, low cost and simple application, which is an important technology for the development of high-quality, high-efficiency and low-consumption agriculture. The nutrient content of fully mature farm manure is relatively complete, and the fertilizer effect is long-lasting and stable. Persisting in the mixed application of chemical fertilizer and farm manure can improve soil physical and chemical properties and enhance soil fertility; second, it can complement the advantages of slow-acting and quick-acting fertilizers; third, it can reduce the volatilization and loss of chemical fertilizers, enhance fertilizer conservation performance, and quickly improve fertilizer supply capacity; fourth, it can improve crop stress resistance, improve quality, and has a significant effect on reducing environmental pollution.

Using Straw ripening Agent to improve Straw returning Technology

Straw ripening agent can make straw and other organic wastes mature quickly, make organic matter and elements such as phosphorus and potassium in straw become nutrients for plant growth, and produce a large number of beneficial microorganisms, increase soil organic matter and reduce the use of chemical fertilizer. enhance plant stress resistance, improve crop quality, and achieve the sustainable development of agriculture. If 200 kg straw is returned to the field per mu, 20% less phosphate and potash fertilizer can be applied, that is, 2 kg potassium chloride and 5 kg superphosphate can be applied less per mu, and 15 yuan of chemical fertilizer can be saved per mu. A certain amount of nitrogen should be consumed in the early stage of straw returning to the field, so the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage should be increased appropriately and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the later stage should be reduced.

Make good use of biogas residue and biogas slurry to realize ecological circular agriculture

Biogas slurry and biogas residue are generally called biogas manure, which is the product of anaerobic fermentation of biomass through biogas digester. Biogas slurry is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and tungsten. Biogas residue is composed of some undecomposed raw materials and new microbial bacteria. Biogas residue contains more humic acid, which can improve soil, and biogas residue can increase soil organic matter. On the basis of farmers' land resources and with a new type of efficient biogas as a link, a benign agricultural circulation system of promoting animal husbandry, biogas and supporting development is formed, which is beneficial to improve the quality of fruits and vegetables and improve the comprehensive benefit of agricultural production. realize the efficient utilization of agricultural resources.

Improve soil structure and improve soil fertility

The main methods of soil improvement are deep ploughing, increasing application of organic materials, mulching cultivation, promoting the proliferation of microorganisms, promoting the proliferation of earthworms and so on. Through soil improvement, soil physical and chemical properties can be improved, soil microbial activity can be enhanced, and soil fertility and fertilizer use efficiency can be increased by more than 5%. Guide farmers to improve farming methods, implement reasonable rotation, intercropping and interplanting; implement rotation of flood and drought crops, grain and vegetables; rotation, intercropping and interplanting of varieties of different kinds of crops and different families of the same kind of crops; through plants' self-regulation of soil nutrients, improve soil fertility and reduce the use of chemical fertilizer.

Popularize new fertilization technology

First, we should advocate the application of high-content multi-component compound fertilizers and reduce the application of low-content compound fertilizers; second, we should actively try high-energy organic-inorganic compound fertilizers; third, we should promote organic-inorganic compound fertilizers; fourth, we should combine fertilizers with high contents of beneficial microorganisms; fifth, we should speed up the application of new fertilizers such as high-efficiency slow-release fertilizers, water-soluble fertilizers, biological fertilizers and soil conditioners; sixth, we should accurately put chemical fertilizers to avoid overuse. Seventh, drip irrigation should be used to evenly apply liquid fertilizer where there are conditions.