Specific contents of walnut orchard planning

   due to the wide range of walnut adaptation, the site selection of the garden is not very strict, and the planning of the garden is extensive. As long as we carry out scientific planning according to the topography and climate characteristics of a certain area, we can weaken or eliminate the unfavorable factors in the construction of the garden, which is beneficial to the production and management in the future. Before the establishment of the garden, a detailed investigation should be carried out on the social and economic conditions, walnut production, climatic conditions, topographic and soil conditions, water conservancy conditions and other basic conditions of the garden site, so as to provide a basis for the planning and design of the garden. The survey of area, topography and soil and water conservation projects should also be carried out for the large area of the garden or the mountain garden. After flat land survey, a plan map is drawn, indicating outstanding topographic changes and features; the mountain area should carry out contour survey, draw a topographic map of 1VR 1000, draw contour density and height difference on the topographic map, and draw land use status, soil distribution map, water conservancy map and so on for planning use. The specific content of garden planning mainly includes the following aspects:

   1. Division of production quarters the division of garden plots is very important for future management. The division of the community must meet the following requirements: first, the climate and lighting conditions in the district are roughly the same; second, it is convenient to prevent soil erosion in the garden; third, it is convenient to prevent wind damage in the garden; fourth, it is convenient for transportation in the garden.

In    hills and mountains, the whole garden should be divided into several units according to the changes of topography and topography. The specific division must be combined with the unified planning of orchard infrastructure construction such as park road, drainage and irrigation system, shelterbelt and so on. The soil type, slope aspect and climatic conditions in the same district should be similar, and its area and shape should be adapted to the site conditions and can not be artificially segmented. When the mountain topography is complex, one slope can be regarded as a residential area.

The shape and size of the    district vary according to the topography and topography. The long side of the mountain district should be parallel to the contour line, and when the slope is large, the plot is arranged in the upper, middle and lower position. The area of the hilly area in the mountain area with poor natural conditions is 30 mu and 45 mu, and do not cross the watershed or ditch; the area of the plot suitable for planting in the plain is 50 ~ 100 mu, and the rectangle is better.

   2. Correct and reasonable road system planning can facilitate management, reduce labor intensity and improve work efficiency. For the convenience of walnut orchard management and transportation, roads with different widths should be set up according to the needs. Roads at all levels should be planned and coordinated with residential areas, shelterbelts, drainage and irrigation systems, etc. Generally speaking, the road system of large and medium-sized walnut orchard is composed of trunk road, branch road and operation road. The main road is required to be 4-5 meters wide, which runs through the whole park and can pass through large trucks; the slip road is the road connecting the main road to the work area, with a width of 3-4 meters and can pass through tractors; the operation road is the main road for production activities in the production area, with a width of 2 to 3 meters, and should be able to pass through small cars and agricultural machinery. In order to reduce non-productive land, small walnut orchards can set up no main roads and paths, only branch roads.

The trunk route of the    mountain and hilly areas is required to be built around the mountain, with a width of 3m to 5m. The branch road, located in the middle of the district, is 2-3 meters wide and should be able to pass through horse-drawn carriages, small cars and agricultural machinery. The working road is located in the community or in a small area, with a width of 1 to 2 meters, which is mainly used for agricultural operation.

The    mountain road can be designed to tilt up the slope or turn zigzag around the mountain. The road along the slope should be located on the waterline rather than on the catchment line so as not to be washed away by water. In general, drains should be repaired on the inside of the road, and the road surface should be inclined in order to prolong the service life.

   3. Irrigation system is one of the important measures to ensure high and stable yield of walnut orchard. Flat walnut orchard, surface irrigation channels, including main canals, branch canals and hair canals. The main canal carries water to the orchard and runs through the orchard. The branch canal carries water from the main canal to the orchard community. The canals carry water from the branch canals to the walnut rows and plants. The planning and design of irrigation channels should take into account the orchard topographic conditions and the location of water sources, and should be combined with roads, shelterbelts and drainage systems. The channel should have a vertical drop to reduce erosion and siltation. In general, the ratio of the main canal is reduced to 1 000, and that of the branch channel is reduced to 1 500, which is less than the specific drop, and the flow is not smooth, and the erosion is serious when the specific drop is large.

In    hilly orchards, the design of water storage, water transport and irrigation network should be considered first. Where water is available, sites should be selected to build small reservoirs or cisterns for irrigation. Hilly orchards are the most suitable for pipeline irrigation, and water-saving irrigation measures such as self-flow irrigation, drip irrigation and infiltration irrigation are adopted.