Introduction to planting techniques of Walnut seedlings

   1. The planting of walnut trees can be divided into two types: spring planting and autumn planting. Autumn planting refers to the planting of seedlings after falling leaves in autumn to before the soil is frozen. Spring planting is carried out after the soil is thawed to before the seedlings sprout in spring. In the past, walnut was generally cut in spring, but in the hilly and mountainous areas of North China, the spring drought was serious and the root growth of walnut was slow. Spring planting affected the growth of walnut in the same year, so it should be planted in autumn, that is, from defoliation to soil freezing. The advantage of autumn planting is that the soil temperature does not drop much after defoliation in autumn, and the soil moisture is larger, which is beneficial to the wound healing of the root system in the same year. Through root maintenance in the soil in a winter, it can start to grow as early as possible next spring, with short slow seedling period, high survival rate and early germination. Autumn planting generally needs to be protected against cold, otherwise newly planted trees are vulnerable to freezing damage and affect the survival rate. If cold prevention is done well, problems such as concentrated spring planting time, drought and less rain, slow seedlings and so on can be avoided, young trees can sprout earlier and prolong the growth period.

   can be planted in spring in areas with low temperature, strong wind and deep permafrost in winter, and it should be carried out as soon as possible after soil thawing. It should be emphasized that irrigation should be used to preserve soil moisture and prevent seedlings from losing water. Spring planting can effectively prevent the sprouting and freezing injury of the seedlings planted in autumn.

   2. Planting density should be determined according to site conditions, cultivated varieties and management level. Reasonable close planting can increase leaf area, make full use of light energy and improve land utilization rate. The overall goal of planting density should be to achieve higher yield and economic benefits per unit area. The early fruiting variety has a smaller crown but early fruit and a higher yield, while the fruiting variety has a larger crown but a late fruit and a relatively low yield. Therefore, when using early fruiting varieties to build a garden, its planting density should be higher than that of fruiting varieties. In general, the row spacing of walnut can be 6-8 m x 8-9 m, and that of early-bearing walnut is 3-4 m x 4-6 m. In terms of different topography, soil and climatic conditions, when a garden is established on the soil with flat terrain, deep soil layer and high fertility, walnut has strong growth and large growth, it is easy to form a large crown, and the row spacing should be larger; in the soil with poor soil and climatic conditions, it is easy to form a small crown, and the row spacing should be smaller. For planting on the ridge of the field, the edge of the ground, the embankment and the land dominated by planting and pushing food, if the intercropping of fruit and grain is carried out, the plant-row spacing can be controlled flexibly, the plant spacing is generally 810 meters, and the row spacing is 20 meters 30 meters depending on the width of the plot. When planting walnuts in mountain terraces, most of them are planted on one table. When the width of the table is more than 10 meters, 2 rows can be cut, and the plant spacing varies from 5 to 8 meters. The plains are generally planted according to rectangle, and the terraced fields in mountainous and hilly areas are planted according to equal height.

   3. Before planting, trim the roots of seedlings, cut off dead roots and injured roots, soak them in clean water for one day, and make the roots fully absorb water before planting, so as to ensure survival and exuberant growth. First of all, the scientific planting method is to ensure the survival rate. Planting good trees in the garden not only improves the survival rate, but also is beneficial to the early growth and development. Before planting, according to the selected planting density, the planting point should be marked with benchmarking, measuring rope and white ash, and then the planting hole should be 1 meter long, 1 meter wide and 1 meter deep, and the planting hole of the mountain walnut orchard should be 0. 5% in diameter. The round hole of 81m, with a depth of 1m, is stacked separately from the subsoil when digging. In the areas with better water conservancy conditions, the holes can be dug in advance, so that the subsoil can be fully matured, and the areas with early dry and little rain and no irrigation conditions will be planted with digging and planting as far as possible. When you encounter gravel, layer or clay layer when digging a hole, the amount of excavation should be increased, the method of guest soil into the hole should be adopted to improve the soil, and the fixed point or fixed line blasting in the form of explosive can be used to thicken the soil layer and dig the hole and plant it.

When planting   , 30 kilograms of farm manure should be applied in the pit, and more than half of it should be filled back to the bottom of the pit when mixed with topsoil. If possible, 0.5 kilogram of phosphate fertilizer (calcium superphosphate) can be added to each pit. When planting, put the seedling in the center of the pit, the root system is distributed around, and then step on the soil while gently lifting the seedling, so that the root system is fully connected with the soil. When filling the soil, it is required that the planting depth of the seedling is exactly the growth depth of the seedling in the nursery or slightly higher than the ground after watering. Generally, the soil imprint on the seedling can be used as a sign of planting depth. Planting too deep and too shallow is not conducive to the survival and growth of walnut. Water should be irrigated in time after planting, and attention should be paid to soil moisture conservation in dry early areas. 5 square meters of plastic film should be compacted with soil around the mulch to prevent it from being blown up by strong winds.