Close to practical training for family farmers

Since the central government formally wrote the family farm into the No. 1 document in 2013, family farm registration standards and family farmer training programs have been developed all over the country. What does a farmer need to make up when he changes from a natural person to a farmer with the status of a legal person? In the author's four years of farmer training, I have come into contact with a large number of professional farmers and family farmers, have a certain understanding of them, and have some ideas on the training of family farmers.

The family farmer belongs to the professional farmer of production and management type. At present, the standard of professional farmer is: educated, technical, operational, good at management and accomplishment. The author believes that, compared with the above five requirements, to do a good job in the training of family farmers, we should mainly supplement the following aspects for family farmers.

First, make up for the role transformation. At present, many family farmers are done as soon as they register, thinking that everything will be fine once they have registered with the industrial and commercial department, and their licenses will be put on the shelf. They still follow the old path and play the same old tune. In fact, they are still a big farmer. The author believes that, strictly speaking, the family farm is a small and micro enterprise, and the farmer is a legal person of a small and micro enterprise. Farmers themselves should have the consciousness of role transformation, and the transition from natural person to enterprise legal person should be completed ideologically, and the next step can be changed in action.

Second, supplement the management ability. A family farmer is a small and micro enterprise legal person. He is the owner of the means of production, the decision maker of production and operation, and the undertaker of natural risk and market risk. Family farmers basically come from large farmers, there are basically no problems in production technology, and public welfare social service organizations can provide technical guarantee, but farmers must make their own decisions in management. After registration, some farmers will rest easy and stop studying. In fact, he is still a big farmer, his business ability is still standing still, he can still make a profit in good weather, and there is a great risk of losing money if the year is not good. Therefore, the author thinks that the management ability of family farmers must be made up.

Third, supplement the level of management. If the family farm wants to maximize profits, it must be achieved by reducing costs and increasing production. If increasing production is achieved through operation, then cost reduction must be achieved through management. The management here is not field management, but the management of small and micro enterprises. A family farm must have problems in the allocation of machinery, the use of labor, and production safety. At present, most farmers basically follow the crowd in management-they do not farm and look at their neighbors, and do not formulate management measures according to their own characteristics. So family farmers must supplement their management knowledge.

Fourth, supplement the comprehensive literacy. At present, the income of a family farmer is basically higher than that of local secondary and tertiary industrial workers, and the economy has been greatly improved. But objectively speaking, some farmers need to further improve their comprehensive literacy, mainly in terms of external image, internal quality, professional ethics and so on. Of course, we can not talk about the comprehensive literacy of farmers from reality. We should objectively see that farmers are restricted by their cultural level and communication environment, and farmers should consciously supplement their comprehensive literacy.

As for production technology, there should be no problems because of the foundation of large farmers and sound social service organizations, so the author thinks that agricultural departments in charge and training institutions should design more courses in operation, management and literacy when formulating cultivation programs. Only with this training can farmers complete the transition from large farmers to small and micro enterprises as legal persons.