Technology of storing fertilizer and water by covering holes with plastic film

   needs to dig trenches to drain waterlogging in areas with heavy precipitation and years and seasons with concentrated precipitation. As the vast majority of walnut producing areas in China are located in mountainous and hilly areas, the natural drainage conditions are good and there is no need for artificial drainage. However, for walnut orchards located in flat land and low injection areas with poor natural drainage, attention should be paid to timely drainage in the rainy season.

   plastic film mulching hole fertilizer and water storage technology is a new technique for fruit tree cultivation, which is widely used in hilly lands with thin soil layer and no irrigation conditions and walnut orchards in arid and water-deficient areas. The technique of storing fertilizer and water with plastic film mulching hole is a measure of burying grass handle and covering plastic film in the concentrated distribution layer of walnut root system. The study shows that this technique can increase soil temperature and humidity in early spring, improve soil structure, promote root growth, increase the availability of fertilizer, enhance the ability of roots to absorb water and nutrients, thus improve the quality of fruit branches, promote flower formation, and significantly improve the yield and quality of fruit trees.

   many walnut orchards in northern China are established in hilly thin land and water shortage areas. Generally, the soil layer is thin, the ability of water and fertilizer conservation is poor, the fertility is low, and the content of organic matter is about 0.3%, which seriously affects the yield and quality of fruit and low economic benefits. For this reason, good results can be achieved by using plastic film covering hole to store fertilizer and water.

The best time to store fertilizer and water in holes covered with    plastic film is before fruit trees germinate in spring, that is, from late March to early April. The specific techniques are as follows: bundling crop straw or weeds into grass handles with a diameter of 20 cm to 40 cm and a length of 35 cm to 45 cm, soaking them in water (or adding about 10% of feces, urine or biogas liquid to the water) for one day and night, soaking thoroughly and ready for use. The location of the fertilizer storage hole should be in the concentrated distribution area of the root system, generally at the projection edge of the crown 50-70 cm inward, digging a fertilizer storage hole with a depth of 40-50 cm and a diameter slightly larger than that of the grass handle (usually 25-45 cm). The number of fertilizer storage holes should be determined according to the size of the crown, and it is generally appropriate to have 4-8. Stand the soaked grass handle in the center of the hole, apply 100 ~ 150 grams of calcium superphosphate around the grass, then fill it with soil mixed with organic fertilizer (5 kilograms of soil fertilizer or compound fertilizer per hole), apply 50 grams of 100 grams of urea and water properly, then cover the soil 1 cm after water infiltration, and then arrange the tree plate so that the fertilizer storage hole is 1-2 cm below the ground to form a plate to facilitate the accumulation of water. Water 3-5 kg more per hole. If it is in a saline-alkali orchard, 500-1000 grams of distiller's grains should be added to each fertilizer storage hole before burying grass.

The plastic film used in    mulching is 0. 5%. 0 2 0 0. 03 mm thick ordinary plastic film. The coverage is centered on the tree trunk until all the nutrient holes are covered. The general coverage area of the tree is as follows: the crown diameter is less than 3 meters, and the plastic film is 1. 5 square meters. 5 square meters; the crown diameter is 3. 5 square meters. 5 square meters, covered with plastic film 4 square meters, crown diameter more than 5 meters, covering 6 square meters. Before mulching, hoe weeds, flatten the ground, stretch and spread the film tightly, cover it around the hole and the joint between the two holes, and then compact it with soil. The fertilizer storage hole should be covered under the plastic film, and a small hole should be poked on the plastic film in the center of the storage hole, and then a small stone should be pressed to avoid water loss on the one hand, and facilitate the management of fertilization and watering on the other hand.

The management of    fertilizer storage hole: generally in the three periods of post-anthesis, new shoot stopping period and fruit harvest, topdressing urea or compound fertilizer 50 grams per hole, put the fertilizer in the small hole at the top of the grass handle, watering about 3. 5 kg with fertilizer After the water seeps into the grass handle, cover the soil for 1 cm. When it comes to the rainy season, the plastic film can be removed to store water in the cave. In late spring and early summer, the soil covered with plastic film is 1cm / 2cm, which can control weeds. Generally, the fertilizer storage hole can last for 2 ~ 3 years, and should be replaced in time after the plastic film is damaged, and the position should be changed when the fertilizer storage hole is set up again, so as to gradually realize the improvement of the whole garden.

   plastic film mulching hole fertilizer and water storage technology is mainly through the use of plastic film mulching to prevent soil water evaporation. The function of the acupoint is to concentrate the limited fertilizer and water in order to increase the fertilizer and water content in the local area of the soil; the function of the grass handle is to absorb the temporary excess fertilizer and water for the fruit trees, and then slowly release them to provide fertilizer and water steadily and reduce the loss of fertilizer and water. This technology can obviously improve the growth and development of fruit trees, achieve the purpose of significantly increasing production and strengthening trees, and has the advantages of simple method, easy to obtain materials, low investment, low cost, good effect, water saving (70% to 90% compared with field weight), and easy to popularize.