Integrated control strategy of diseases and insect pests in walnut trees

There are various methods to control diseases and insect pests of    walnut trees. In practical application, we should follow the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive control", take agricultural control as the basis, make rational use of pesticides, and make use of comprehensive control measures of biological control, physical control and chemical control to control diseases and insect pests economically, safely and effectively, so as to improve walnut yield, ensure quality, protect ecological environment and people's health.

   agricultural control is the focus of integrated pest control measures, which can reduce the use of pesticides and make use of agricultural measures such as garden site selection, planning and design and cultivation management to control diseases and insect pests. The main measures are as follows: selecting disease-resistant varieties, applying more organic fertilizer, improving soil, pruning reasonably, cutting cocoons during pruning to enhance tree potential, whitening tree trunks at the end of autumn to improve tree resistance, turning soil and clearing orchards to reduce disease and insect sources, timely picking fallen fruits, removing weeds and fallen leaves in the garden, ploughing tree tray soil, destroying pest living places and restraining their development, cleaning up overwintering pests. Grass and intercropping in walnut orchard were carried out to increase beneficial microorganisms and improve the ecological conditions of the park.

   physical control mainly refers to scraping off diseased spots for diseases and trapping, trapping and blocking pests for pests. Trapping refers to the use of the tendency of pests, to their preference, artificial trapping pests to eliminate, such as the use of black light (ultraviolet light) to trap and kill phototaxis pests. Hunting and killing refers to the use of manpower and simple machinery to kill mass or pseudo-dead pests, such as shooting down larvae with bamboo poles, vibrating and killing during the adult stage of beetles. Barrier refers to the artificial establishment of obstacles according to the activities and habits of pests to prevent the spread and migration of larvae or some adults who are not good at flying.

   biological control mainly uses the natural enemies and beneficial microorganisms of pests to control diseases and insect pests. The main natural enemies of pests are ladybugs, lacewings, wasps, ants, aphid flies, parasitic wasps and parasitic flies. Insecticidal bacteria include Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana, Beauveria bassiana, mulberry caterpillar nuclear polyhedrosis virus, diamondback moth virus and so on. Microbial treatment mainly uses the metabolites of various fungi, such as antibiotics, such as polyantimycin and streptomycin, as well as the application of insect hormone progressive attractants to kill male pests and specific pest growth inhibitors to control pests. Biological control of pests can also be carried out by raising chickens, attracting beneficial birds that feed on pests, and so on.

At present,    chemical control is a widely used method to control diseases and insect pests, which has a quick effect and a wide range of uses, but it may lead to drug resistance of diseases and insect pests, and it will contaminate soil and groundwater, cause drug damage, and is easy to kill natural enemies, and fruit pesticide residues are harmful to human health. Therefore, in order to ensure human health, protect the environment and reduce the resistance of diseases and pests, the use of highly toxic pesticides or even highly toxic pesticides should be prohibited. it is suggested that biogenic pesticides, mineral pesticides, botanical pesticides and insect growth regulators should be widely used to control diseases and insect pests to ensure high yield and high quality of pollution-free walnut.