Effect of Grass mulching measures in Walnut Orchard

Grass mulching in    orchard is an important technical measure to achieve high quality and high yield in dryland walnut orchards. Grass mulching in orchard can improve soil fertility, change groundwater, gas and thermal environment, inhibit weed growth, reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests and reduce hoeing labor, and create a good growth and development environment for walnut roots and even the whole tree. promote tree growth and development and improve the yield and quality of walnut.

Grass mulching can be carried out in    walnut orchards all year round, preferably in spring, after wheat harvest or after autumn harvest, preferably in seasons with abundant grass resources. Generally, in sandy land and dry and thin land, after the soil temperature rises in spring, the soil temperature at 20 cm soil layer reaches 20 ℃. On the land with good clay and fertility, it is more appropriate to cover the soil temperature at 20 cm soil layer when the ground temperature reaches 22 ℃.

   closed and non-intercropping adult walnut orchards should be covered with grass, while young walnut orchards should be partially covered with grass, mainly covered with tree plates or rows, covered with hay in spring and pressed with grass in summer. Weeds, leaves, crop straw and broken firewood can be used to cover the grass, crushed and evenly spread between the rows and under the tree plate, and the grass should be covered within the main distribution area of the root system, that is, the outer edge of the crown. The thickness of grass mulching is generally 15 to 20 centimeters, and a small amount of soil must be pressed after grass mulching in spring to prevent wind and fire. Local grass cover 1000-1500 kg per mu of hay, and 2000-3000 kg of fresh grass. The whole garden is covered with 2000 kg of hay or 4000 kg of fresh grass.

Before grass mulching,    combined with deep turning or deep hoeing and watering enough water, according to the age of the tree, the plant applied nitrogen fertilizer 0. 5%. 2. 0. 5 kg to meet the need of nitrogen fertilizer for microbial decomposition of organic matter. After covering the grass, do not turn the grass into the ground when applying base fertilizer in autumn, the grass should be covered every year. When topdressing, you can remove the covered grass, adopt the method of multi-point application, and irrigate with fertilizer. The orchards with thin soil layer and poor fertility can be ploughed once after 3-4 years of continuous mulching, and then covered with sufficient base fertilizer, and then covered the following year.

   should pay attention to that the straw and grass with high carbon content are the mulch used in the orchard, which will cause the temporary fixation of soil nitrogen. Therefore, more nitrogen fertilizer should be applied during mulching to prevent the tree from lacking nitrogen nutrition. At the same time, when using weeds as mulch, clean grass seeds should be removed, and weeds with strong nutritional fecundity should not be used to prevent weeds from overgrowing and increase the difficulty of weeding. For disease prevention, fungicides such as carbendazim can be sprayed before defoliation to reduce the number of bacteria, and 600-800 times phoxim should be sprayed under the tree before the next year to eliminate overwintering pests and eggs in the grass. In addition, the mulch is cleaned once a year. In addition, grass mulching will also make the root distribution of fruit trees relatively shallow, and the root system of the upper soil will increase, which should be overcome with other technical measures.